扎龙保护区丹顶鹤季节性食物量与种群波动探析

扎龙保护区丹顶鹤的食物量与其种群数量的季节性波动

收稿日期：2012-02-28

基金项目：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（C200921）

作者简介：李淑玲（1965-），女，教授，博士，研究方向为动物行为与繁殖生态。E-mail: hljshulingli@163. com

李淑玲

1

，王 宇

2

，赵 越

1

，王文锋

3

，马建华

3

（ 1. 东北农业大学生命科学院，哈尔滨 150030；2. 中粮肉食有限公司，江苏 宿迁 223800；

3. 扎龙国家自然保护区，黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161000 ）

摘 要：通过观察和样方取样法，确立了扎龙保护区内，丹顶鹤的主要植物性食物为芦苇根及嫩芽、碱蓬种

子及其嫩芽、苔草的根茎和坚果。水生动物性资源主要有鲫鱼、泥鳅、麦穗鱼、葛氏鲈塘鳢 （俗称老头鱼） 等鱼

类，中国林蛙、黑斜线蛙、花嘴蟾蜍等两栖类。底栖动物主要为昆虫的幼虫和螺类。应用 ERDAS 软件，Landset7

图像转化处理，再通过 ArcGIS 软件进行栅格插值，计算出扎龙保护区内丹顶鹤三个不同季节的食物量分别为：4

月食物总量为 2.7×10

6

kg。6~7 月和 8~9 月食物总量分别为 3.01×10

8

kg 和 3.57×10

8

kg；水生动物总量分别为 2.67×

10

8

kg 和 3.51×10

8

kg，底栖食物总量分别为 1.35×10

7

kg 和 3.56×10

8

kg。丹顶鹤在扎龙保护区进行繁殖和生活期

间，食物总量随季节变化而呈显著的增加趋势。丹顶鹤种群数量也随季节的变化出现波动，即每年迁徙越冬的数

量显著大于迁徙繁殖的数量。

关键词：丹顶鹤；食物资源；食物量；季节波动

中图分类号：Q958 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1005-9369（2012）09-0000-06

Seasonal fluctuation of food quantity and population for red-crowned

cranes in Zhalong conservation area/LI Shuling

1

, WANG Yu

2

, ZHAO Yue

1

, WANG

Wenfeng

3

, MA Jianhua

3

(1. School of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin

150030, China; 2. COFCO Meat Industry Limited Company, Shuqian Jiangsu 223800, China; 3. Zh-

along Nature Reserve, Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161000, China)

Abstract: By the method of observation and sampling, the food composition of the Red-crowned

Crane (

Grus japonensis

) was established in Zalong conservation area. The main vegetal food included

arundinaceous roots and its chits, common seepweed herb seeds and its chits, sedge rootstock and

nuts. The main aquatic animal includes the fishes of crucian, loach, Pseudorasbora parve, Eleotris etc,

and the Amphibias of

Rana temporaria

chensinensis, Rana nigrolineata. The main zoobenthos includes

entomic larvae and spiral vagina. Using landset7 image translation from ERDAS software, Zalong

conservation area image was cutting out, the Red-crowned Crane food weight was gained for three

different seasons in Zalong conservation area, using the method of grid interpolation from ArcGIS

software, the feed weight was to obtain in three different seasons which was 2.7 × 10

6

kg in April, the

vegetable food weight was 3.01×10

8

kg and 3.57×10

8

kg, the aquatic animal total weight was 2.67×10

8

kg and 3.51×10

8

kg, the zoobenthos total weight was 1.35×10

7

kg and 3.56×10

8

kg respectively in June

to July and August to September. The total food quantity of Red-crowned Crane significantly increased

with the changing seasons in breeding season. The Red-crowned Crane Population fluctuated with the

Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

2012 年9 月 Sep. 2012

东 北 农 业 大 学 学 报

第43卷 第 9期 43(9): 113~117

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