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昆虫嗅觉系统编码规律

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-09-25 03:52

摘要： 嗅觉在昆虫的整个生活史中发挥着重要作用，从定位取食寄主植物维持个体生存，到同种个体联系以及求偶交配维持种群发展。昆虫在长期的适应过程中发展出一套完备的嗅觉感受-处理系统。虽然不同种类昆虫的嗅觉系统在结构和功能上表现出各自的特色，但依然遵循着通用的编码规律。文章总结了昆虫外周感受系统与中枢神经系统感受-处理嗅觉信息的关键节点及彼此的对应关系，归纳昆虫嗅觉系统编码的一般规律并与一些昆虫特殊的嗅觉特征进行比较分析，为人们认识昆虫嗅觉作用机制与进化提供了新的角度。

关键词: 昆虫, 行为, 嗅觉, 受体, 嗅小球, 神经元

Abstract: Olfaction plays pivotal roles all over the life span of insects, providing insects with information essential for survival and reproduction. In spite of structural and functional diversities driven by selection, olfactory systems share a common coding principle in information perception and processing. Here we review the key nodes and corresponding relationships of peripheral and central nervous system across many insect species, and aim to identify the basic principles of olfactory circuit. Moreover, we present comparative analyses of some insects to show unexpected cases, and provide a new insight in the functions and evolution of insect olfaction.