首页分享栽培与野生七叶一枝花土壤微生物多样性研究

栽培与野生七叶一枝花土壤微生物多样性研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-09-19 02:39

摘要:

目的探明栽培与野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌群落组成的差异。

方法采用illumina miseq 2×300 bp高通量测序对栽培与野生七叶一枝花土壤的细菌16S rRNA基因序列进行测序分析；同时，利用LDA Effect Size（LEfSE）软件对组间群落微生物丰富度的差异分析，比较栽培与野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌群落组成的差异，明确影响2种栽培模式的重要微生物门类。

结果七叶一枝花土壤中的微生物组成中，野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌种类优于栽培七叶一枝花土壤。丰富度指数（Ace和Chao）和多样性指数（Shannon和Simpson）分析表明，野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌群落更具有更高的丰富性和多样性。在门水平，栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌群落具有显著差异的门包括Firmicutes、硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）和螺旋菌门（Spirochaetae）；显著差异的属包括芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）、纤线杆菌属（Ktedonobacter）和类芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus）等。利用LEfSE软件对组间群落微生物丰富度的差异分析发现，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）是野生七叶一枝花土壤样本中的优势菌门，优势属包括芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）、类芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus）、Tumebacillus、Mucilaginibacter、硝化螺菌属（Nitrospira）、Shimazuella和Singulisphaera；栽培七叶一枝花土壤样本中起到重要作用的门水平细菌群落是装甲菌门（Armatimonadetes），属水平细菌群落是Bryobacter、Aquicella和纤线杆菌属（Ktedonobacter）。相关性分析结果表明，土壤pH与土壤全钾是影响七叶一枝花土壤微生物群落多样性的主要因素。

结论不同栽培模式和土壤养分影响七叶一枝花土壤微生物多样性，为七叶一枝花的栽培管理与维护提供参考。

关键词: 七叶一枝花 / 根际 / 土壤 / 宏基因组 / 多样性

Abstract:

Objective Diversity of the microbial communities in soils of cultivated and wild Paris polyphylla var. chinensis fields were compared.

Method Total DNA of the microbes on cultivated land grown P. polyphylla plants or at field of the plants in the wild were sequenced using high throughput Illumina Miseq (2×300 bp). Structure and abundance of the microbial communities in soils of the fields were comparatively analyzed by LDA Effect Size.

Result The microbial diversity of the wild P. polyphylla lots was richer than the cultivated land. The Chao, Ace, Shannon, and Simpson indexes of the wildP. polyphylla soil were higher than the cultivated counterparts. The communities significantly differed on the abundant phyla of Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, and Spirochaetae, and on the genera of Bacillus, Ktedonobacter, and Paenibacillus. LDA Effect Size showed Firmicutes and Nitrospirae to be the predominant phyla, while Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Tumebacillus,Mucilaginibacter, Nitrospira, Shimazuella, and Singulisphaera the dominant genera in the wild. In the cultivated soil, the Armatimonadetes phylum and the Bryobacter, Aquicella, and Ktedonobacter genera predominated the community. pH and total potassium content of soil were the critical factors affecting the diversity of a microbial community.

Conclusion Cultivation and soil nutrients significantly differentiated the microbial composition at a P. polyphylla field.

图 1 栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌物种数量16S rRNA 相似水平为 97%的稀释性曲线

Figure 1. Rarefaction curves on counts of microbes with 97% 16S rRNA similarity in cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils

图 2 栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌物种（OTU）组成的韦恩图分析

Figure 2. Venn analysis on microbial OTUs of cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils

图 3 门（A）和属（B）水平的微生物组成、相对丰度分析

Figure 3. Composition and relative abundance of dominant microbes at phylum level (A) and genus level (B)

图 4 栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤细菌物种的Alpha多样性指数

Figure 4. Alpha diversity of microbes in cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils

图 5 LDA Effect Size组间群落的差异分析

Figure 5. LDA Effect Size on differential abundant microbes

图 6 基于OTU水平的Principal co-ordinates analysis分析

Figure 6. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on OTU of 8 samples

图 7 不同栽培方式七叶一枝花土壤的unweighted.unifrac差异性矩阵热图（相似水平97%）

Figure 7. Heatmap of unweighted.unifrac dissimilarity matrix on microbes in cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils (Similar level 97%)

表 1 栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤样本信息

Table 1 Information on cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils

编号
Code 采集地
Locality 栽培模式
Transplanting modes 栽培年限
Transplanting period/a YR1 福建省南平市建瓯吉阳镇郭岩山双龙庙野生 — YNR1 福建省南平市建瓯吉阳镇郭岩山双龙庙野生 — YR2 福建省南平市建瓯吉阳镇郭岩山双龙庙野生 — YNR2 福建省南平市建瓯吉阳镇郭岩山双龙庙野生 — ZR1 福建省南平市建瓯吉阳镇郭岩山双龙庙栽培 5 ZNR1 福建省南平市建瓯吉阳镇郭岩山双龙庙栽培 5 ZR2 福建省南平市政和县官湖村王坑陇栽培 2 ZNR2 福建省南平市政和县官湖村王坑陇栽培 2 YR和ZR分别代表野生和栽培的根际土壤，YNR和ZNR分别代表野生和栽培的非根际土壤。
YR and ZR represent wild and cultivated rhizosphere soils, respectively; YNR and ZNR represent wild and cultivated non-rhizosphere soils, respectively.

表 2 栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤养分含量

Table 2 Nutrient contents of cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils

编号
Code pH 有机质
Organic matter/(g·kg−1) 全氮
Total nitrogen/(g·kg−1) 全磷
Total phosphorus/(g·kg−1) 全钾
Total potassium/(g·kg−1) YR1 5.20±0.30ab 118.00±6.81a 2.60±0.15ab 0.70±0.04a 3.20±0.18a YNR1 5.30±0.31ab 105.30±6.08a 1.90±0.11de 0.50±0.03b 3.30±0.19a YR2 5.90±0.34ab 110.10±6.36a 1.40±0.08f 0.80±0.05a 1.50±0.09c YNR2 5.70±0.33ab 107.10±6.18a 1.40±0.08f 0.70±0.04a 1.90±0.11b ZR1 6.30±0.36a 60.70±3.50b 2.30±0.13bc 0.30±0.02c 1.50±0.09c ZNR1 6.30±0.36a 56.80±3.28b 2.70±0.16a 0.40±0.02bc 1.70±0.10bc ZR2 5.10±0.29b 70.30±4.06b 2.20±0.13cd 0.50±0.03b 1.00±0.06d ZNR2 5.30±0.31ab 39.70±2.29c 1.80±0.10e 0.40±0.02bc 1.10±0.06d 同列数据后不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences ( P＜0.05).

表 3 栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤的细菌分离数量

Table 3 Plate counts of cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils

样品名称
Sample name 细菌含量
Bacterial content /
(×106 cfu·g−1) 样品名称
Sample name 细菌含量
Bacterial content /
(×106 cfu·g−1) YR1 5.05 ZR1 3.50 YNR1 4.70 ZNR1 6.85 YR2 8.10 ZR2 5.50 YNR2 8.55 ZNR2 1.75

表 4 栽培和野生七叶一枝花土壤样本不同分类阶元细菌物种（OTU）数量

Table 4 Number of microbes (OTU) at different taxonomical levels of cultivated and wild P. polyphylla soils

样本
Sample OTU 门水平
Phylum level 纲水平
Class level 目水平
Order level 科水平
Family level 属水平
Genus level 种水平
Species level YR1

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