首页分享牡丹和芍药雄蕊筒状花瓣的形态解剖特征及形成

牡丹和芍药雄蕊筒状花瓣的形态解剖特征及形成

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-07-28 17:05

摘要： 对牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)、紫斑牡丹(P．rockii)、大花黄牡丹（P.ludlowii）、四川牡丹(P.decomposita)、杨山牡丹(P.ostii)、卵叶牡丹(P.qiui)、滇牡丹(P.delavayi)和芍药（P．lactiflora）等8个分类群中雄蕊瓣化瓣的形态特征进行了观察，并对仅出现在牡丹、紫斑牡丹和芍药花中的雄蕊筒状花瓣进行了统计分析和形态解剖学研究。结果表明：（1）在牡丹和紫斑牡丹中雄蕊筒状花瓣出现的频率低，且形态单一；而在芍药中其出现频率较高，且形态多样。（2）在解剖结构方面，雄蕊筒状花瓣从基部到顶部存在一系列的转化，与牡丹和紫斑牡丹相比，芍药中筒状花瓣的解剖结构更具多样性。（3）维管束边缘分生组织的不断分化和维管束数量的不断增多，在雄蕊原基转向雄蕊筒状花瓣的发育中起到关键作用。（4）雄蕊筒状花瓣的发育过程可分为原基分化、转化发育、筒状花瓣形成和筒状花瓣成熟4个阶段。 

关键词: 芍药属, 牡丹, 芍药, 雄蕊原基, 筒状花瓣, 发育过程

Abstract: In this study，the morphological characters of petals from stamen primordia in Paeonia suffruticosa，P.rockii，P.ludlowii，P.decomposita, P.ostii，P.qiui，P.delavayi and P.lactiflora have carefully been surveyed． Furthermore，the quantity of tubiform petals from stamen primordia only occurred in P. suffruticosa，P. rockii and P.lactiflora have been measured，and their anatomic construction have been examined．The results as following：(1) The rate of tubiform petals from stamen primordia is quite low and its morphological characters is simple in the flowers of P.suffruticosa and P.rockii. By contrast，the rate of tubiform petals from stamen primordia is obviously higher and its morphological characters is more complex in the flowers of P.lactiflora．(2) From bottom to top, there is a series of transformation in the anatomic construction of tubiform petals from stamen primordia．In contrast to the anatomic construction of tubiform petals from stamen primordia in P.suffruticosa and P.rockii, P. lactiflorasis more diverse. (3) Sustained differentiation of the lateral meristem of the vascular bundle and the increase of the quantity of vascular bundle play a key role during the developmental process transformed the stamen primordium into tubiform petal. (4) The developmental process of the tubiform petal from stamen primordium can be divided into following four stages, the primordium differentiation，the transformation development，the formation of tubiform petal and the maturation of tubiform petal.

Key words: Paeonia, P. suffruticosa, P.lactiflora, Stamen primordium, Tubiform petal, Developmental process