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云南省豆科蔬菜常见病毒种类鉴定及发生分布

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-06-27 13:42

摘要:

对云南省豆科蔬菜主要产区开展病毒病调查,并采集病样进行烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco Mosaic Virus, TMV)、豌豆种传花叶病毒(Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virus, PSbMV)、菜豆黄花叶病毒(Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus, BYMV)、蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2,BBWV2)和番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus, TSWV)等豆科作物常见病毒的RT-PCR检测与鉴定.豆科蔬菜病毒病的症状蚕豆主要为坏死、花叶、畸形、卷叶等;豌豆主要为花叶,有时伴随有黄化、坏死、卷叶、畸形等;菜豆主要为花叶和皱缩;豇豆主要有斑驳、皱缩和叶脉黄化.检测结果发现,侵染豌豆的病毒有PSbMV, BBWV2和TSWV,检出率分别为44.74%, 1.32%和1.32%;侵染蚕豆的病毒有BYMV, BBWV2和PSbMV,检出率分别为39.42%, 9.62%和8.65%,存在PSbMV与BYMV复合侵染现象,二者的复合侵染率为4.81%;侵染菜豆的病毒有CMV, PSbMV和BYMV,检出率分别为8.57%, 1.43%和1.43%;在豇豆上只检测到TSWV,检出率为9.38%.豆科蔬菜病毒病主要分布于昆明市、楚雄州、玉溪市和红河州等滇中、滇南地区,昆明市的样品主要检测到BBWV2, PSbMV, BYMV, CMV等;玉溪市样品检测到BBWV2, PSbMV, TSWV等;红河州样品检测到BBWV2, PSbMV等;楚雄州样品主要检测到BYMV, PSbMV等.当前为害云南蚕豆、豌豆、菜豆、豇豆的主要病毒有PSbMV, BYMV, CMV, BBWV2和TSWV 5种病毒,其中优势病毒为BYMV和PSbMV, PSbMV在云南省分布最广且检出率相对较高.

Abstract:Viral diseases were surveyed and the diseased samples of broad bean, pea, bean and cowpea were collected from different leguminous vegetable planting areas in Yunnan Province, and then the viruses of Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV), Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virus(PSbMV), Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus(BYMV), Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2(BBWV2)and Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus(TSWV) commonly reported on leguminous vegetables were detected by RT-PCR. The main symptoms of leguminous vegetable viral diseases were necrosis, mosaic, malformation and leaf roll in broad bean; mosaic, and mostly with yellowing, necrosis, leaf roll, malformation in pea; mosaic and shrinking in bean; mottling, shrinking and vein yellowing in cowpea. Virus detection results showed that PSbMV, BBWV2 and TSWV were detected in pea samples with the detection ratio of 44.74%, 1.32% and 1.32%, respectively. BYMV, BBWV2 and PSbMV were detected in broad bean samples at 39.42%, 9.62% and 8.65% of detection rate, respectively. The 4.81% of the broad bean plants were co-infected with PSbMV and BYMV, and 8.57%, 1.43% and 1.43% of the bean samples were infected with CMV, PSbMV and BYMV, respectively. Only TSWV was detected in cowpea plants with 9.38% of detection rate. The virus diseases of leguminous vegetables were mainly distributed in Kunming, Chuxiong, Yuxi and Honghe. Samples from Kunming were infected with BBWV2, PSbMV, BYMV and CMV, from Yuxi were infected with BBWV2, PSbMV and TSWV, from Honghe were infected with BBWV2 and PSbMV, and from Chuxiong were infected with BYMV and PSbMV. PSbMV, BYMV, CMV, BBWV2 and TSWV are the main viruses infecting pea, broad bean, bean and cowpea, among which PSbMV and BYMV are the dominant viruses in Yunnan. PSbMV is the most widely distributed virus in Yunnan Province with relatively high detection rate.

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