首页分享不同播种灌溉方式对夏玉米出苗、干物质积累及转运和产量的影响

不同播种灌溉方式对夏玉米出苗、干物质积累及转运和产量的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-06-25 03:27

摘要： 设置地面灌溉常规播种（CK）、地表滴灌常规播种（DI）、地下滴灌深播（SDI）处理，研究不同播种灌溉方式对夏玉米出苗、干物质积累及转运和产量的影响，以期筛选出适宜夏玉米大田生产的播种灌溉方式。结果表明，播种后灌溉40 mm情况下，SDI处理土壤水分可以上移至种床层，下渗到距地表80 cm处，5~10、10~20 cm土层的土壤含水量分别达到田间持水量的68.69%、75.35%；CK和DI处理土壤湿润体在60 cm以上土层。SDI处理显著延长夏玉米的出苗时间，导致其苗期单株叶面积和干质量较其他处理显著降低，但其出苗率并未显著降低。在生育期间灌溉的条件下，与CK相比，SDI处理降低拔节后期和灌浆初期0~20 cm土层的土壤含水量，但增加40~120 cm土层的土壤含水量；DI处理增加拔节后期中上层土壤和灌浆初期土壤含水量。与CK相比，SDI和DI处理不仅能够促进花前干物质的转运，而且还能提高开花期和灌浆期的叶面积指数、地上部干物质积累量以及产量和水分利用效率，SDI和DI处理成熟期地上部干物质积累量、产量、水分利用效率分别提高8.51%、11.22%、11.41%和6.18%、6.38%、9.94%。SDI处理较DI处理提高了夏玉米的穗粒数和产量，但两处理间水分利用效率差异不显著。综上，地下滴灌深播未显著影响夏玉米的出苗率，并且地下滴灌能够提高中下层土壤的含水量，对花前干物质转运量及花后叶面积指数和地上部干物质积累量的提高有利，最终获得最高的产量和水分利用效率。

关键词: 夏玉米, 播种灌溉方式, 干物质积累及转运, 地下滴灌深播, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: The effects of different sowing and irrigation methods［conventional sowing under surface drip irrigation（DI），deep sowing under subsurface drip irrigation（SDI）and conventional sowing under surface irrigation（CK）］on the seedling emergence，dry matter accumulation，transport and yield of summer maize were explored，so as to select suitable sowing and irrigation methods for field production.The results showed that under 40 mm irrigation after sowing，the soil moisture under SDI treatment could move up to the seed bed layer and penetrate down to 80 cm from the surface.The soil water content in the 5—10 and 10—20 cm soil layers reached 68.69% and 75.35% of the field capacity，respectively.The range of wetted soil was above 60 cm of soil layer for CK and DI treatments.SDI treatment significantly prolonged the seedling emergence time of summer maize，resulting in a significant decrease in leaf area and dry matter weight per plant at seedling stage than other treatments，but its seedling emergence rate did not significantly decrease. Under irrigation conditions during the growth period，compared with CK，SDI treatment reduced the soil water content of 0—20 cm soil layer at the late jointing and early filling stages，but increased the soil water content of 40—120 cm soil layers.DI treatment increased the soil water content of upper and middle soil layers at the late jointing stage and the whole profile at the early filling stage when compared to CK. Compared with CK，SDI and DI treatments could not only promote pre‑anthesis dry matter transport，but also improve the leaf area index and aboveground dry matter accumulation at anthsis and filling stages.Finally，SDI and DI treatments improved aboveground dry matter accumulation at maturity，yield and water use efficiency by 8.51%，11.22%，11.41% and 6.18%，6.38%% ，9.94%，respectively.SDI treatment increased the grain number per ear and yield compared with DI treatment，but the difference in water use efficiency between the two treatments was not significant.In sum，deep sowing under subsurface drip irrigation did not significantly affect the seedling emergence rate of summer maize.Moreover，deep sowing under subsurface drip irrigation could increase the soil water content in the middle and lower layers，which was beneficial for the increase of pre‑anthesis dry matter transport amount，post‑anthesis leaf area index and aboveground dry matter accumulation，and finally obtained the highest yield and water use efficiency.

Key words: Summer maize, Sowing and irrigation method, Dry matter accumulation and transport, Deep sowing under subsurface drip irrigation, Yield, Water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S513