首页分享青藏高原东缘川滇高山栎和西南花楸叶片性状对海拔的响应

青藏高原东缘川滇高山栎和西南花楸叶片性状对海拔的响应

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-22 01:27

摘要： 叶片作为响应环境变化最为敏感的植物器官,是反映植物生存策略的重要指示者。为明晰高山植物响应海拔变化的生态适应策略,本研究于青藏高原东缘选取不同海拔(2600、2800、3000、3200和3400 m)下常绿阔叶树种川滇高山栎和落叶阔叶树种西南花楸为对象,测量叶片形态、解剖性状、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数等指标,研究二者响应海拔变化的异同及生态适应策略。结果表明: 随着海拔的升高,川滇高山栎的叶片干物质含量显著降低,西南花楸显著增加,两者叶片均逐渐变小;川滇高山栎的栅栏系数呈下降趋势,西南花楸的栅栏系数呈上升趋势,二者的叶片、栅栏组织、海绵组织、上表皮和下表皮的厚度均显著增加,与海拔2600 m相比,海拔3400 m处分别增加22.4%、4.9%、45.1%、23.3%、19.6%和28.2%、46.9%、8.9%、25.9%、20.8%。西南花楸叶片气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数随着海拔升高显著增大,而川滇高山栎与之相反。两者叶片解剖性状、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数均具有较强的可塑性,绝大多数叶片性状间以及叶片性状与海拔之间存在显著相关关系。川滇高山栎应对海拔变化的生存策略较为保守,西南花楸的生存策略则较为积极,两者均通过调节自身性状以适应不同海拔。

关键词: 川滇高山栎, 西南花楸, 叶片功能性状, 解剖性状, 光合特性

Abstract: As the most senstitive plant organs to environmental changes, leaves serve as crucial indicators of plant survival strategies. We measured the morphology, anatomical traits, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Quercus aquifolioides (evergreen broad-leaved) and Sorbus rehderiana (deciduous broad-leaved) at altitudes of 2600, 2800, 3000, 3200 and 3400 m on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. We explored the similarity and difference in their responses to altitude change and the ecological adaptation strategy. The results showed that as the altitude increased, leaf dry matter content of Q. aquifolioides decreased, that of S. rehderiana increased, leaf size for both species gradually decreased, and the palisade coefficient of Q. aquifolioides showed a decreasing trend, contrasting with the increasing trend in S. rehderiana. As the altitude increased, the thickness of leaves, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, upper epidermis, and lower epidermis of both species increased significantly, with the increment of 22.4%, 4.9%, 45.1%, 23.3%, 19.6%, and 28.2%, 46.9%, 8.9%, 25.9%, 20.8% at altitude of 3400 m, respectively, compared with the altitude of 2600 m. The gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of S. rehderiana significantly increased with increasing altitude, while Q. aquifolioides showed the opposite trend. Leaf anatomical traits, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of both species displayed considerable plasticity. There were significant correlations among most leaf traits and between leaf traits and altitude. The survival strategy of Q. aquifolioides was more conservative in response to altitude changes, while that of S. rehderiana was more active. Both species adapted to different altitudes by adjusting their own traits.

Key words: Quercus aquifolioides, Sorbus rehderiana, leaf functional trait, anatomical trait, photosynthetic characteristics