首页分享添加乳酸菌对全株玉米与滇红花茎叶混合青贮品质的影响

添加乳酸菌对全株玉米与滇红花茎叶混合青贮品质的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-19 17:36

图 1 混合青贮饲料微生物在门水平上的分布

Figure 1. Distribution of mixed dilage microorganisms at the phylum level

图 2 混合青贮饲料微生物在属水平上的分布

Figure 2. Distribution of mixed dilage microorganisms at the genus level

表 1 全株玉米与滇红花茎叶青贮混合比例

Table 1 Ratios of whole-plant corn mixed with yunnan safflower straw chaff for silage %

处理
Treatment全株玉米
Whole plant maize滇红花茎叶
Yunnan safflower stems and leaves CK1000T09010T18020T27030

表 2 德国农业协会(DLG)青贮质量感官评分标准

Table 2 Sensory scoring standard for silage quality by the German Agricultural Society

评分指标
Scoring index 评分标准
Grading 分数
Score 气味
Odor 有明显芬芳果味或面包香味 Aromatic fruit or obvious bread-like fragrance 14 稍有丁酸味，酸味很浓重，芬芳味较淡 Slight butyric acid odor, strong sourness, weak aroma 10 有明显的丁酸味，常常伴有臭味或发霉
Noticeable butyric acid odor, often accompanied by a foul or moldy smell 4 有强烈的丁酸味或氨味，或没有一丝酸香味
Strong butyric acid or ammoniacal odor, or almost no acidic aroma 2 质地结构
Texture structure 茎叶结构保持良好 Good stem and leaf structure 4 茎叶结构保持较差 Poor stem and leaf structure 2 茎叶结构保持极差或伴随轻度污染
Extremely poor stem and leaf structures or slight mold contamination 1 茎叶腐烂或污染严重 Severe stem and leaf decay or significant contamination 0 色泽
Color 与原料相似，烘干后呈淡褐色 Similar to raw materials; light brown after drying 2 颜色稍有改变，呈淡黄色或带褐色 Slight discoloration; pale yellow or slightly brownish 1 变色严重，深绿色或严重褪色，有很重的霉味
Severe discoloration; dark green or brownish-yellow with strong mildew smell 0

表 4 全株玉米与滇红花茎叶混合青贮饲料感官评定

Table 4 Sensory evaluation of silage blended with whole-plant corn and yunnan safflower stalk bran

处理
Treatment 气味
Odor 质地结构
Texture Structure 色泽
Color 评分
Total Score 等级
Grade CK 13 4 2 19 优良 Good T0 13 4 2 19 优良 Good T1 13 4 2 19 优良 Good T2 14 4 2 20 优良 Good

表 5 全株玉米与滇红花茎叶混合饲料发酵品质的影响

Table 5 Effects of fermentation quality on whole-plant corn mixed with yunnan safflower straw bran

处理
Treatment pH 氨态氮
NH3-N/% 乳酸
Lactic acid/% 乙酸
Acetic acid/% 丙酸
Propionic acid/% 丁酸
Butyric acid/% CK 3.65 ± 0.01a 0.012 ± 0.001b 3.08 ± 0.21a 0.39 ± 0.02a 0.12 ± 0.02b 0.33 ± 0.02c T0 3.65 ± 0.01a 0.015 ± 0.002a 2.96 ± 0.09a 0.39 ± 0.04a 0.17 ± 0.03a 0.48 ± 0.6ab T1 3.63 ± 0.03a 0.016 ± 0.001a 2.87 ± 0.05a 0.33 ± 0.01b 0.10 ± 0.01b 0.36 ± 0.09bc T2 3.65 ± 0.01a 0.015 ± 0.002a 2.59 ± 0.02b 0.24 ± 0.02c 0.09 ± 0.01b 0.57 ± 0.07a 　各指标均根据样品鲜重计算；同列数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)，下同。
　The indicators were calculated based on the fresh weight of the samples. Data in the same column with different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference ( P < 0.05); This is applicable for the following figures and tables as well.

表 6 全株玉米与滇红花茎叶混合饲料营养成分的影响

Table 6 Effect of nutrient composition on whole-plant corn mixed with yunnan safflower straw chaff %

处理
Treatment 干物质
Dry
matter 粗蛋白
Crude
protein 粗脂肪
Crude
fat 粗灰分
Crude
ash 中性洗涤纤维
Neutral detergent
fiber 酸性洗涤纤维
Acid detergent
fiber Ca P CK 32.03 ± 0.17c 7.46 ± 0.50a 2.40 ± 0.06a 3.18 ± 0.07b 40.62 ± 0.65c 22.97 ± 0.41c 0.37 ± 0.08b 0.14 ± 0.00a T0 32.50 ± 0.19bc 7.53 ± 0.16a 2.16 ± 0.04b 4.14 ± 0.04a 45.72 ± 1.33b 28.57 ± 0.60b 0.69 ± 0.13a 0.14 ± 0.00a T1 33.91 ± 0.91a 6.90 ± 0.24b 2.00 ± 0.05c 4.18 ± 0.05a 46.90 ± 1.29b 29.85 ± 1.54b 0.73 ± 0.02a 0.13 ± 0.00b T2 33.36 ± 0.30ab 6.40 ± 0.90b 1.81 ± 0.06d 4.23 ± 0.06a 49.55 ± 0.83a 32.59 ± 0.92a 0.82 ± 0.05a 0.12 ± 0.00c 　各指标均根据样品干重计算。
　All indicators were calculated based on the dry weight of the samples.

表 7 青贮饲料综合价值评价及排名

Table 7 Comprehensive evaluation and ranking of silage

项目
ItemT0T1T2 干物质 Dry matter0.250.711.00 粗蛋白 Crude protein1.000.440.00 粗脂肪 Crude fat0.590.320.00 粗灰分 Crude ash0.910.951.00 酸性洗涤纤维
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF)0.420.280.00 中性洗涤纤维
Acid detergent fiber (ADF)0.430.300.00 Ca0.710.801.00 P1.000.500.00 乳酸 Lactic acid0.760.620.00 乙酸 Acetic acid1.000.600.00 丙酸 Propionic acid1.000.130.00 丁酸 Butyric acid0.380.880.00 氨态氮 NH3-N0.250.000.25 总隶属度 Average value
(total membership degree)8.706.533.25 排序 Rank123

表 8 全株玉米与滇红花茎叶混合青贮饲料Alpha多样性分析

Table 8 Alpha diversity analysis of silage mixes of whole-plant corn and yunnan safflower straw chaff

处理
Treatment Shanon指数
Shanon Index Simpson指数
Simpson Index Ace指数
ACE Index Chao指数
Chao Index 覆盖率
Coverage CK 2.20 ± 0.52b 0.39 ± 0.14a 1 316.78 ± 149.60b 1 214.82 ± 146.29b 0.99 ± 0.00 T0 2.99 ± 0.10a 0.15 ± 0.02bc 1 602.07 ± 84.39a 1 478.93 ± 83.62a 0.99 ± 0.00 T1 3.08 ± 0.10a 0.11 ± 0.02c 1 469.03 ± 54.02ab 1 369.37 ± 49.27ab 0.99 ± 0.00 T2 2.42 ± 0.16b 0.25 ± 0.03b 1 400.13 ± 81.15b 1 294.91 ± 62.66b 0.99 ± 0.00 [1]

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