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马雄杜鹃的繁育系统和杂交育种研究初探

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-16 15:40

图 1 马雄杜鹃开花周期图

注：A为花苞期；B、C为始花期；D为盛花期；E为末花期。

Figure 1. Flowering period of R. maxiongense

Note: A. bud stage; B, C. initial flowering; D. bloom; E. end of flowering.

图 2 马雄杜鹃的访花昆虫

Figure 2. Pollinator of R. maxiongense

图 3 马雄杜鹃的子房膨大比较

注：A、B为套袋实验子房膨大状况；C为自然条件下子房膨大状况。

Figure 3. Comparison of ovary enlargement of R. maxiongense

Note: A, B for bagging experiment ovary swelling condition; C for natural conditions room expansion condition.

表 1 马雄杜鹃柱头可授性、黏液分泌情况和花粉散粉情况比较

Table 1 Stigma receptivity, mucus secretion and pollen disperse of R. maxiongense

开花时间flowering time柱头可授性stigma receptivity分泌黏液mucus secretion花粉散粉pollen disperse开花前1天the day before flowering+/－－－开花第1天the 1st day of flowering++/－+开花第2天the 2nd day of flowering+++开花第3天the 3rd day of flowering+++ +开花第4天the 4th day of flowering+++++开花第5天the 5th day of flowering+++开花第6天the 6th day of flowering++/－+开花第7天the 7th day of flowering－－－　　注：1） + 具可授性, 产生气泡，变成浅蓝色; －不具可授性；+/－具有微弱可授性，产生气泡少，不变色；++具有较强可授性，产生大量气泡，变成蓝色；2) －无黏液分泌; + 柱头分泌黏液; + + 有大量黏液分泌; +/－有很少黏液分泌；3）－无花粉分散; + 有少量花粉分散; + + 有大量花粉分散。
　　Note: 1) + receptivity, bubbles, a light blue; – no receptivity; +/– with weak receptivity, bubbles, no color ; + + has strong receptivity, produce a lot of air into the blue; 2). – mucus secretion; +mucus secretion; + + stigma; excessive secretion of mucus; +/– has little mucus secretion; 3) – no pollen; + there is a small amount of pollen dispersion; + + has a large number of dispersed pollen.

表 2 马雄杜鹃花粉-胚珠比的估算

Table 2 Pollen-ovule ratio estimate of R. maxiongense

观测项目observed projects结果results单花花粉数均值
average of pollen number per flower717 381.17±15 479.34单花胚珠数均值
average of ovule number per flower1 698.5±160.73花粉-胚珠比
pollen ovule ratio (P/O)422.48繁育系统类型
breeding system type兼性异交
facultative outcrossing

表 3 马雄杜鹃的花部特征

Table 3 Flower morphology of R. maxiongense

测量指标measured indexesnMin./mmMax./mmmean±SD/mm花冠直径corolla diameter3040.2859.6348.40±5.66雄蕊长stamen length3010.9119.9418.03±3.22雌蕊长pistil length3016.0525.5220.42±2.29子房长ovary length304.546.905.65±0.68子房宽daughter room width302.783.673.08±0.21

表 4 人工授粉试验结果和种子萌发率比较

Table 4 Comparison of the artificial cross results and the geminate rates

项目
items试验个数number of experiments膨大个数number of expanded实际结果实个数number of
fruits结实率/% fruit rates每颗果实内平均种子数/粒average seed numbers of
per capsule千粒重/mg
1 000-grain weight萌发率/% germinate rate自然对照
natural control70494057.141 282.50±199.24 a382.00±5.59 a69.00不去雄套袋
no emasculation bagging702800000去雄套袋不授粉
emasculation bagging no pollination704200000去雄套网
emasculation set net702800000去雄套袋同株异花授粉
emasculation bagging geitonogamy70421724.281 162.25±123.42 b371.40±8.79 b65.00去雄套袋异株授粉
emasculation bagging pollination70351217.141 089.50±71.85 b363.40±8.26 b63.00马雄杜鹃×大白杜鹃
R. maxiongense×R. decorum7033811.43419.50± 88.66 d304.60±6.50 c38.67马雄杜鹃×露珠杜鹃
R. maxiongense×R. irroratum70401622.86889.50±56.66 c296.00±3.74 c38.10马雄杜鹃×羊踯躅杜鹃
R. maxiongense×R. molle701322.8620.5091.0015.40马雄杜鹃×马缨杜鹃
R. maxiongense×R. delavayi7026710.00428.75±45.15 d271.40±11.72 d22.20 [1]

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