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中国苹果土壤养分丰缺指标与适宜施肥量初步研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-13 23:50

摘要：

为了给中国苹果测土施肥提供科学依据,采用零散实验数据整合法和“养分平衡—地力差减法”新应用公式,开展了中国苹果土壤养分丰缺指标与适宜施肥量研究。结果表明：中国苹果土壤有效磷第1~7级丰缺指标依次为：≥51、16~51、5~16、2~5、0.4~2、0.1~0.4、<0.1 mg/kg;土壤速效钾第1~5级丰缺指标依次为：≥381、126~381、42~126、14~42、<14 mg/kg;土壤全氮第2~9级丰缺指标依次为：≥1.4、1.1~1.4、0.8~1.1、0.6~0.8、0.5~0.6、0.4~0.5、0.26~0.4、<0.26 g/kg。当苹果目标产量为30~75 t/hm2,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为40%、20%、50%时,土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级的适宜施磷量范围依次为0~0、12~30、24~60、36~90、48~120、60~150、72~180 kg/hm2,土壤速效钾丰缺级别第1~5级的适宜施钾量范围依次为0~0、20~51、41~102、61~153、82~204 kg/hm2,土壤氮素丰缺级别第2~9级的适宜施氮量范围依次为19~47、38~94、56~141、75~188、94~234、113~281、131~328、150~375 kg/hm2。本研究初步建立了中国苹果土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为中国苹果测土施肥提供了科学依据。中国苹果土壤养分丰缺指标研究不够完美,业界人士尚需大力开展苹果施肥实验研究。

关键词: 中国, 苹果, 测土施肥, 丰缺指标, 全氮, 有效磷, 速效钾, 施肥量

Abstract:

To lay a theoretical basis for apple soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in China, the method of scattered experimental data integration and the method of nutrient balance and target yield minus soil fertility yield were employed to study the abundance-deficiency index (rich-lack index, RLI) of soil nutrients and the recommended soil fertilizer application rates (RSFAR) for apple plangting in China. The results showed that the RLI of soil available P for apples in China from the first to the seventh level was ≥51, 16-51, 5-16, 2-5, 0.4-2, 0.1-0.4 and <0.1 mg/kg, respectively; the RLI of soil available K from the first to the fifth level was≥381, 126-381, 42-126, 14-42 and <14 mg/kg, respectively; the RLI of soil total nitrogen from the second to the ninth level was ≥1.4, 1.1-1.4, 0.8-1.1, 0.6-0.8, 0.5-0.6, 0.4-0.5, 0.26-0.4 and <0.26 g/kg, respectively. When the N, P, K fertilizer use efficiency was 40%, 20% and 50% and the target yield was 30-75 t/hm2, the range of the RSFAR of P for the first to the seventh level soil was 0-0, 12-30, 24-60, 36-90, 48-120, 60-150 and 72-180 kg/hm2, respectively; the range of the RSFAR of K for the first to the fifth level soil was 0-0, 20-51, 41-102, 61-153 and 82-204 kg/hm2, respectively; and the range of the RSFAR of N for the second to the ninth level soil was 19-47, 38-94, 56-141, 75-188, 94-234, 113-281, 131-328 and 150-375 kg/hm2, respectively. In this study, the recommended fertilization system of N, P and K in China’s apple soil was established preliminarily, which could provide a scientific basis for apple soil testing and fertilization. But the research on the index of nutrient abundance and deficiency of apple soil in China is still not perfect, and apple fertilization should be explored further.

Key words: China, apple, soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, abundance-deficiency index, total nitrogen, available P, available K, fertilizer application rate

中图分类号:

S153.6

S519