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中国苔藓植物特有种的地理分布格局

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-09 13:11

摘要： 本文选取全国28个省份地区的中国苔藓植物特有种资料、空间因子、气象因子、生境异质性因子等数据，消除空间数据的空间自相关，采用回归分析以及方差分解的方法，分析各生态因子与特有种藓类丰富度（MRN）、苔类丰富度（LRN）及苔藓丰富度（BEN）的相互关联以及空间模型、环境模型和生境异质性模型对MRN、LRN、BEN地理分布格局的解释程度。结果表明:中国苔藓植物物种丰富度表现出明显的区域差异性，苔藓特有种丰富度在海拔梯度较大的青藏高原、云贵高原较高，其中，云南省MRN、LRN皆最高，达到146、79种;在海拔梯度较小、降雨量较少的地区丰富度较低，空间位置及地貌影响着特有种的形成;MRN、LRN、BRN均具有很强的空间变异性, 且变化趋势具有惊人的一致性，在较小的空间尺度（<600 km）时，MRN、LRN、BRN三者都呈现出较明显的正空间正相关特征，而在2800 km左右达到最大空间负相关，且三者均表现出显著的纬度梯度性; MRN的地理分布格局主要取决于生境异质性（复杂的地形条件）和空间因子, 即在大的空间尺度上, 地理位置决定一个地区MRN的理论值, 生境异质性和气候因子对其进行微调，而LRN、BRN的地理格局主要受气候和生境异质性的影响。

关键词: 急尖长苞冷杉, , 活立木, , 死亡木, , 点格局分析

Abstract: Currently, endemic plants’ geographical distribution pattern and formation mechanism are the main research content of ecology. In this paper, data of endemic bryophytes information, spatial factors, weather factors, habitat heterogeneity factors from 28 provinces in China were used for analysis. We eliminated the spatial autocorrelation of the spatial data and adopted regression analysis and variance decomposition to analyze the relationships between ecological factors and the richness of endemic mosses (MRN), liverworts (LRN) and bryophytes (BRN). We analyzed the degree of interpretation of space model, environmental model and habitat heterogeneity model to the distribution pattern of MRN, LRN and BEN. The results showed that: (1) Chinese bryophytes’ richness distribution pattern showed significant regional differences, with higher richness in areas with great elevation gradient, such as QinghaiTibet and YunnanGuizhou Plateau. LRN and MRN were the highest in Yunnan, reaching up to 146 and 79, with lower richness in areas with small elevation gradient and less rainfall. Spatial location and topography influence the formation of endemic species. (2) MRN, LRN and BRN had strong spatial variability and their variation tendency was similar: at small scales (<600 km), MRN, LRN and BRN showed obvious positive correlation, however, when the scale reached about 2800 km, they showed maximum negative correlation and were characterized by significant latitudinal gradient; (3) MRN’s geographical distribution pattern mainly depended on habitat heterogeneity (complex terrain conditions) and spatial factors. At large spatial scale, location determined the theoretical value of MRN of a given area, while habitat heterogeneity and climate factors adjusted the MRN slightly. However, the geographical distribution patterns of LRN and BRN were mainly affected by climate and habitat heterogeneity.

Key words: Abies georgei var. smithii, living stem, dead wood, point pattern analysis.