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10种禾本科植物种子形态、萌发特性及幼苗生长的比较研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-08 22:42

摘要： [目的]研究10种禾本科植物种子在内蒙古自治区兴安盟的种子形态、萌发特性及幼苗生长情况。[方法]以兴安盟草原地区10种野生禾本科植物（马唐、梯牧草、早熟禾、虎尾草、老芒麦、羊草、巨序剪股颖、画眉草、披碱草及冰草）种子为材料,测定并比较其种子长度、宽度、厚度、千粒重、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长及胚芽长,对以上各性状指标进行相关性分析后,用隶属函数法对10种禾本科植物种子的质量进行综合评定。[结果]披碱草的种子长度和千粒重显著（P<0.05）高于其他禾本科植物种子;马唐和老芒麦的种子宽度显著（P<0.05）高于其他8种禾本科植物种子;冰草的种子最厚,显著高于其他9种植物种子,老麦芒和披碱草次之。除羊草种子外,其他9种植物种子均从第2天开始萌发;马唐和梯牧草在第2天的发芽率超过50%,第3~7天的累计发芽率均高于90%;试验结束时仅有画眉草和羊草的发芽率未超过50%。马唐和梯牧草的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均显著（P<0.05）高于其他禾本科植物种子。马唐幼苗的胚根最长,披碱草幼苗的胚芽最长。相关性分析表明,不同禾本科植物种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数之间存在极显著（P<0.01）正相关关系。通过隶属函数值综合分析表明,10种禾本科植物种子质量排名前3的分别是马唐、梯牧草和披碱草。[结论]对10种从兴安盟地区采集的禾本科植物种子形态、萌发特性和幼苗生长特性等进行综合研究,发现马唐、披碱草和梯牧草的综合表现更好,具有在该地区推广种植的潜力。

关键词: 禾本科植物, 种子形态, 萌发特性, 幼苗生长, 综合评价

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the seed morphology, germination characteristics, and seedling growth of ten Poaceae species in the Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. [Methods] Seeds of ten wild Poaceae species （Digitaria sanguinalis, Phleum pratense, Poa annua, Chloris virgata, Elymus sibiricus, Leymus chinensis, Agrostis gigantea, Eragrostis pilosa, Elymus dahuricus and Agropyron cristatum） collected from the grassland area of the Hinggan League were used as materials. Seed length, width, thickness, thousand grain weight, germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, radicle length, and coleoptile length were measured and compared. Correlation analysis was conducted on these traits, and the quality of the seeds from the ten Poaceae species was comprehensively evaluated using the membership function method. [Results] The seed length and thousand grain weight of Elymus dahuricus were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those of the other Poaceae species. The seed width of Digitaria sanguinalis and Elymus sibiricus was significantly （P<0.05） greater than that of the other eight species. Agropyron cristatum had the thickest seeds, significantly exceeding the other nine species, followed by Elymus sibiricus and Elymus dahuricus. Except for Leymus chinensis, seeds of the other nine species began germinating on the second day. The germination rates of Digitaria sanguinalis and Phleum pratense exceeded 50% on the second day, with cumulative germination rates reaching above 90% from day 3 to day 7. By the end of the experiment, only Eragrostis pilosa and Leymus chinensis had germination rates below 50%. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of Digitaria sanguinalis and Phleum pratense were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those of the other Poaceae species. Seedlings of Digitaria sanguinalis exhibited the longest radicles, while those of Elymus dahuricus had the longest coleoptiles. Correlation analysis revealed a highly significant （P<0.01） positive correlation among germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index across the different Poaceae species. Comprehensive analysis using the membership function method indicated that the top three species in seed quality were Digitaria sanguinalis, Phleum pratense and Elymus dahuricus. [Conclusion] This comprehensive study of seed morphology, germination characteristics, and seedling growth of ten Poaceae species collected from the Hinggan League region revealed that Digitaria sanguinalis, Elymus dahuricus, and Phleum pratense exhibited superior overall performance, demonstrating potential for cultivation and promotion in this region.

Key words: Poaceae, seed morphology, germination characteristics, seedling growth, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S543.04

S544.04