我国人群和动物芽囊原虫感染研究进展

摘要： 囊原虫（Blastocystis）是一种可寄生于人类和多种动物的单细胞、厌氧性肠道原虫，在全球广泛分布。芽囊原虫感染在我国健康人群、儿童、学生、门诊及住院患者、腹泻等人群中均有报道，免疫力低下人群感染率较高，广西和云南地区人群感染率相对较高。根据小亚基核糖体RNA（small?subunit ribosomal RNA，SSU rRNA）基因序列差异，芽囊原虫分为17种亚型（ST1～ST17），其中ST1～ST9、ST12亚型可感染人和动物，ST10～ST17亚型仅感染动物。我国人群芽囊原虫基因亚型以ST1～ST3为主，并存在ST1和ST3、ST1和ST2、ST2和ST3等混合基因亚型感染。本文就我国人群和不同动物感染芽囊原虫的流行病学、基因分型进行综述。

关键词: 芽囊原虫, 流行特征, 基因亚型, 小亚基核糖体RNA, 中国

Abstract: Blastocystis is a unicellular, anaerobic, intestinal protozoan that infects humans and a variety of animals, which is widely prevalent across the world. Blastocystis infections have been detected in healthy populations, children, students, outpatients and inpatients, as well as diarrhea patients in China. High prevalence of Blastocystis infections has been reported in immunocompromised patients, and relatively high prevalence was seen in individuals living in Guangxi and Yunnan regions. Based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence, a total of 17 subtypes (ST1 to ST17) of Blastocystis have been characterized until now, among which ST1 to ST9 and ST12 infect humans and animals, and ST10 to ST17 only infect animals. In China, ST1 to ST3 are predominant human Blastocystis subtypes, and ST1/ST3, ST1/ST2 and ST2/ST3 mixed infections have been also identified. This review mainly describes the epidemiology and genotypes of Blastocystis in humans and animals in China. 　

Key words: Blastocystis, Epidemiological feature, Subtype, Small?subunit ribosomal RNA, China

中图分类号: 

R382.9

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