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树形调整对香榧成花和坐果的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-05 11:13

摘要：

目的: 探究骨干枝数目和开张角度调整对香榧成花坐果的影响，为香榧幼年林树形培养、促进早实丰产提供科学依据。方法: 设置骨干枝数目和骨干枝开张角度的单因素及交互试验，调查处理及对照条件下花果发育规律，统计混合芽比例和坐果率，测定树体光照强度、内源激素含量、光合碳同化物含量、碳氮比等指标。结果: 骨干枝数目调整对香榧树体透光能力影响较大，3骨干枝（N3）和4骨干枝（N4）处理显著增加了树体中层和下层的光照强度，有利于提高光能利用率，明显促进香榧成花坐果；开张角度60°（A60°）处理显著降低了香榧混合芽中生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA1和GA3）含量，提高了ABA/IAA、ABA/GA1+3，CTKs/IAA以及CTKs/GA1+3比值，明显增加了混合芽中光合碳同化物蔗糖、淀粉等含量和C/N比，显著提高了树体混合芽比例；骨干枝数目和骨干枝开张角度的交互处理有效提高了树体的光照强度和净光合速率，3骨干枝60°（N3-A60°）和4骨干枝60°（N4-A60°）处理下中层光照强度达到25 000~27 000 lux，下层光照强度达到11 000~14 000 lux，光合速率分别达到9.07和9.70 μmol CO2·m?2s?1；此外，开张角度60°分别与3和4骨干枝交互处理还明显提高了幼果中赤霉素GAs和部分细胞分裂素的含量，显著促进了果实中蔗糖、总可溶性糖等的积累，明显提高了香榧坐果率。结论: 骨干枝数目和骨干枝开张角度调整均能促进香榧幼年林成花坐果，其中以3和4骨干枝与开张角度60°交互处理效果最佳。

关键词: 香榧, 树形调整, 光照强度, 内源激素, 成花坐果

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the number and opening angle adjustment of Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii skeleton branches were performed in order to explore their effects on the formation of mixed bud and fruit setting, so as to provide a scientific basis for tree cultivation of T. grandis cv. Merrillii young forest and to promote early fruiting and high yield. Method: Single factor and interactive experiments with the number and opening angle of skeleton branches were conducted to investigate the development of flowers and fruits, proportion of mixed buds, and fruit setting rate. Light intensity, endogenous hormone content, photosynthetic carbon assimilate content, carbon nitrogen ratio and other indicators were determined. Result: The number adjustment of skeleton branches had a great effect on the light transmission ability, and 3 skeleton branches (N3) and 4 skeleton branches (N4) significantly increased the light intensity in the central and lower layers of T. grandis cv. Merrillii canopy, which was conducive to improving the utilization of light energy and promoting flowering and fruit setting. Treatment with an opening angle of 60° (A60°) significantly reduced the contents of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA1 and GA3) in mixed buds, increased the ratio of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA1+3, CTKs/IAA and CTKs/GA1+3, and significantly increased the contents of sucrose and starch, and C/N ratio in mixed buds. The proportion of mixed buds in a tree significantly increased. The interactive treatment with the number and opening angle of skeleton branches effectively improved the light intensity and the net photosynthetic rate. Under the treatments of N3-A60° and N4-A60°, the light intensity of the central layer reached 25 000–27 000 lux, and that of the lower layer reached 11 000–14 000 lux, and the net photosynthetic rate reached 9.07 and 9.70 μmol CO2·m?2 s?1, respectively. In addition, N3-A60° and N4-A60° also significantly increased the contents of GAs and some cytokinins in young fruits, significantly promoted the accumulation of sucrose and total soluble sugars in fruits, and improved the fruit setting rate. Conclusion: Both the number and opening angle of skeleton branches can promote the flowering and fruit setting of T. grandis cv. Merrillii young forest, and the interaction between 3 and 4 skeleton branches with opening angle of 60° has the best promotion effect.

Key words: Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii, tree management, light intensity, endogenous hormone, flowering and fruit setting

中图分类号:

S718.43