植物基活性炭的制备及吸附应用研究进展

摘要：

从植物基活性炭的制备及其吸附应用两个部分对国内外的研究进行了综述。介绍了不同生物质原料对活性炭品质和用途的影响，总结了常用活性炭炭化方法，着重阐述了不同活化方法的优缺点和研究现状，并对不同活性炭改性技术的特点和应用进行了比较。植物基活性炭的应用主要包括对硫化氢等工业废气和甲醛等室内废气的吸附净化，对废水中有机染料、有机药物、小分子有机化合物和重金属的吸附，以及被用于制作超级电容器电极材料等。最后针对目前研究中对植物原料的特点考虑不足、制备过程存在环境污染等问题，指出根据植物前体的性质优化制备方法、开发绿色高效制备技术、提高活性炭回收再利用效率将是今后的主要研究方向。

关键词: 生物质, 活性炭, 制备, 吸附, 应用

Abstract:

The preparation of plant-based activated carbon and its application are reviewed in this paper. The effects of different carbon resource on the characteristics and application of activated carbon were summarized. Features of common carbonization methods, activation methods and modification methods were discussed. The use of different preparing methods and related research progress were summarized as well. The general use of plant-based activated carbon includes decontamination of industrial and indoor waste gas, such as hydrogen sulfide and formaldehyde , adsorption of organic dyes, organic drugs, small molecular organic compounds and heavy metals in wastewater, and use as supercapacitor electrode materials. According to the limitations of current research, such as characteristics of plant raw materials being not adequately considered for single preparation

and pollution emission during preparation, future perspectives of plant-based active preparation research were provided as follows: preparation method optimization according the nature of plant precursors, environmental-friendly preparation methods development and improvement of activated carbon reuse ratio.

Key words: biomass, activated carbon, preparation, adsorption, application

中图分类号: 

TQ424.1

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