首页分享桉树的分布及生态评价与结论

桉树的分布及生态评价与结论

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-04-29 01:04

摘要:本文介绍了目前桉树在世界上的分布情况 (包括原生分布和引种分布) 并用DMAP软件将桉树分布的国家进行标记。对桉树分布区的气候类型进行对比, 发现气候类型与我国相近的国家桉树生长良好, 林间物种丰富。通过对桉树生态问题的详细分析, 表明只要经营科学合理, 桉树人工林单位耗水耗肥量并不高, 并且林内生物多样性较好, 桉树人工林的生态环境问题不是其本身造成的, 而是种植经营技术不科学导致。为提高桉树人工林的木材质量和生态效益, 对桉树人工林需进行合理栽培, 如重视科研、改良造林技术、集约经营和完善保障机制。

关键词:桉树人工林 / 分布 / 生态问题 / 评价 / 对策

Abstract:This paper examined the distribution of Eucalyptus around the world, including both the natural distribution and exotic distribution. These distributions were mapped by country using DMAP software. Examination of the climates across the distribution of Eucalyptus species revealed that Eucalyptus grow well in countries with similar climate types to southern China. Analyses of the ecologic factors revealed that water and nutrient consumption by eucalypt plantations were low, and these plantations generally contain abundant biodiversity. Ecological problems often attributed to Eucalyptus plantations have not been caused by such plantations in themselves but rather unscientific plantation management. In order to improve the quality and ecological benefits of Eucalyptus plantations along with timber yields, the industry needs to expedite scientific research on breeding, improved planting techniques, silvicultural management, and comprehensive protection mechanisms.

[1]

Hill K D, Johnson L A S.Systematic studies in the eucalypts-7.A revision of the bloodwoods, genus Corymbia (Myrtaceae) [J].Telopea, 1995, 6 (2-3) :185-504.

[2]

王豁然.桉树生物学概论 (第1版) [M].北京:科学出版社, 2010.

[3]

联合国粮食及农业组织.全球森林资源评估2000主报告[R].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社, 2001.

[4]

Git Forestry Consulting.Global Eucalyptus Map[EB/OL]. (2009-10-19) [2012-10-11]http://www.git-forestry.com.

[5]

祁述雄.中国桉树 (第2版) [M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2002.

[6]

Pryor L D, Joshson L A S.A classification of the eucalypts[M].Canberra:Australian National University, 1971.

[7]

温远光.桉树生态、社会问题与科学发展 (第1版) [M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2008.

[8]

Turnbull J W.Eucalypts 2003, Planting on Salt-Affected and Waterlogged Soils in Pakistan.Eucalypts in Asia.Proceeding of an international conference held in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, Peoples’Republic of China[R].Zhanjiang, 2003.

[9]

中国林科院热林所.桉树与水简讯第三期[R].广州:中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所, 2000.

[10]

李志辉, 杨民胜, 陈少雄, 等.桉树引种栽培区区划研究[J].中南林学院学报, 2000, 20 (3) :1-10.

[11]

陈少雄.桉树生态问题的来源与对策[J].热带林业, 2005, 33 (4) :26-30.

[12]

张国武, 罗建中, 尹国平.澳大利亚、巴西桉树人工林经营特点及其启示[J].安徽农业科学, 2009, 37 (7) :2965-2967.

[13]

钱国钦.桉树生态问题及发展思路[J].湖南林业科技, 2007, 34 (2) :67-70.

[14]

普尔-M E D, 弗赖斯-C.桉树的生态作用[M].罗马:联合国粮食及农业组织, 1985.

[15]

林义辉.广东省桉树人工林生态问题评价[J].广东林业科技, 2001, 17 (4) :32-36.

[16]

郑郁善, 陈礼光, 洪长福, 等.沿海丘陵巨尾桉人工林水源涵养功能研究[J].江西农业大学学报, 2000, 22 (2) :220-224.

[17]

吴炳其.福建省桉树人工林发展概况与生态环境问题[J].青海农林科技, 2007 (2) :34-36.

[18]

张宁南, 徐大平, Morris J, 等.雷州半岛尾叶桉人工林耗水量研究[J].林业科学研究, 2007, 20 (1) :1-5.

[19]

温远光, 刘世荣, 陈放, 等.桉树工业人工林植物物种多样性及动态研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27 (4) :17-22.

[20]

Song Y F.Utilization of Eucalyptus in China[J].Appita, 1992, 45 (6) :352-253.

[21]

项东云.华南地区桉树人工林生态问题的评价[J].广西林业科学, 2000, 29 (2) :57-64, 86.

[22]

刘涛, 杨民胜, 刘德桃, 等.桉树人工林土壤养分效应及其评价[J].桉树科技, 2007, 24 (1) :31-34.

[23]

Venkataramanan C, Haldorai B, Samraj P, et al.Return of nutrient by the leaf-litter of bluegum (Eucalyptus globulus) and black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) plantations of Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu[J].The India Forest, 1983, 109 (6) :370-377.

[24]

余雪标, 陈秋波, 王尚明, 等.人工林地力衰退研究与防治对策[J].热带作物学报, 1998, 19 (3) :81-88.

[25]

莫晓勇, 余雪标.桉树人工林生物多样性与林农复合栽培技术研究[C]//第二届中国林业学术大会——S4人工林培育理论与技术论文集.北京:中国林学会, 2009.

[26]

温远光, 陈放, 刘世荣, 等.广西桉树人工林物种多样性与生物量关系[J].林业科技, 2008, 44 (4) :14-19.

[27]

罗联烽.桉树造林及其生态问题调查研究[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报, 2009, 22 (6) :37-38, 93.

[28]

马自超, 劳伦斯-波特.桉树叶单宁组成的研究[J].植物学报, 1988, 30 (5) :534-538.

[29]

黄光明.泉州市桉树发展探索[J].林业勘察设计, 2006 (2) :163-165.