基于鹤群数量和活动时间的白头鹤越冬生境分级

摘要： 崇明东滩作为国家级鸟类自然保护区，是国家重点保护鸟类白头鹤（Grus moracha)重要的越冬栖息地，但近年来由于人类活动加剧以及外来物种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)影响，白头鹤种群的越冬适宜生境也随之变化，给白头鹤种群的保护及区域环境保护带来严峻挑战。本文从4种重要的生境因子(覆被类型、植被盖度、淹水深度、大堤距离)着手，研究了环境变量对鹤群行为方式的影响，并且利用鹤群数量以及鹤群活动时间作为参比标准对环境因子的适宜性进行量化。结果表明：白头鹤在崇明东滩的适宜越冬生境面积为697 hm2，次适宜生境面积为469 hm2，微适宜生境面积为282 hm2，非适生境面积352 hm2，白头鹤适宜生境和非适生境面积占区域总面积的38.7%和19.6%，其余生境超过区域总面积40%。白头鹤在崇明东滩堤外的潜在适宜生境面积比重较大，这为扩展鹤群的适宜生境面积提供了可能。文章提出了关于白头鹤种群保护及扩大鹤群适宜生境面积的措施及办法：在次适宜和微适宜生境区投放饵料以扩大其适宜生境面积，同时加大对本土物种海三棱藨草(Scirpus mariqueter)的恢复力度。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 磷水平, 侧根形成, 番茄

Abstract: Chongming Dongtan is an important stopover point and wintering habitat for the nationally protected water bird Grus monacha. Due to the influence of intensive human activities and exotic species Spartina alterniflora, the suitable wintering habitats have changed substantially, which brings serious challenge to the protection of G. monacha and many other species. Four variables were used to analyze the habitat for the G. monacha: cover type, vegetation coverage, tidal flooding depth and distance from the levee. We investigated the influence of the above environmental variables on the activities of G. monacha, and used the number and activity time of crane population as a parameter to quantify the suitability of these variables. We calculated the suitability index of G. monacha’s habitat in Chongming Dongtan, and mapped the spatial distribution of the index values. The results indicated that the suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and unsuitable wintering habitat areas were 697, 469, 282, and 352 hm2, respectively. The suitable and unsuitable habitats occupied 38.7% and 19.6% of the total area, respectively. Moderately and marginally suitable habitats covered more than 40% of the total area, which can be improved to become suitable for G. monacha potentially. We provided some suggestions about how to protect the G. moncha population and enlarge the suitable habitat area such as providing food in the moderately and marginally suitable habitats to enlarge the suitable wintering habitat, and take measures to recover the native species Scirpus mariqueter.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, P level, lateral root formation, tomato.

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