首页分享超级大惊喜！碎米荠叶报春苣苔，一种极度濒危的特有种，今天在野外重新发现了！

超级大惊喜！碎米荠叶报春苣苔，一种极度濒危的特有种，今天在野外重新发现了！

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-03-20 05:17

2017年7月11日，碎米荠叶报春苣苔，一个此前被广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所发表该物种的科研团队*和中国台湾辜严倬云保种中心评价为野外灭绝的报春苣苔属珍稀濒危植物【参考出处:图1/Figs. 1. 上海辰山植物园；图2/Figs. 2中国台湾辜严倬云植物保种中心】，在GCCC温放博士和致力于苦苣苔科植物保育的志愿者的努力下，重新发现了其野外分布的新居群！
Today, 11thJuly, 2017, a rare and nearly extinct species of Primulina, P. cardaminifolia, which was assessed as Extinct in the field (EW) (Figs. 1 & Figs. 2) formerly by the research group of Guangxi Institute of Botany, CAS (GXIB) and Dr. Cecilia Koo Botanica Conservation Center, Taiwan of China (KBCC), was rediscovered a population in the field today after falling in Dr. Wen Fang and fans of GCCC's effort! (*Note: The research group of GXIB published this rare species).

图1 有关韦宏金先生关于碎米荠叶报春苣苔发现的相关描述

Figs. 1 The rare species, Primulina cardaminifolia and its’ discoverer, Mr. Wei Hong-Jin

图2 辜严倬云植物保种中心对碎米荠叶报春苣苔的IUCN等级评

                                               Figs. 2 The IUCN grade of Primulina cardaminifoliaby KBCC
      碎米荠叶报春苣苔，2008年由现辰山植物园科研人员韦发金先生(网名“金摄狼”)最早在野外采到（图1&图3），经由研究后，于2013年由广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所的许为斌博士和刘演研究员、中国台湾中央研究院生物多样性研究中心彭镜毅研究员和Yoshiko Kono、中国台湾国立台湾大学钟国芳博士和Hsuan Chang合作正式发表（图3）。这个物种十分特殊，它是报春苣苔属大花类群中除复叶报春苣苔Primulina pinnata (W. T.Wang)Y. Z.Wang外第二个具有复叶的类群，而初步的研究结果表明该种极有可能是杂种起源的，但仍需要更多的深入研究（图4）。该物种在发表之时，野外分布居群数量就相当的少，尽管该种已经正式发表，但是尚未来得及开展相关的保育生物学以及其他植物学方面的研究，这个珍稀物种就已经悲剧了——其模式产地由于广泛栽植桉树，开山种苗的同时，影响到了山体结构，在2013年的一天，连绵暴雨之后山体轰然倒下，滑坡直接湮灭了这个物种已知的所有个体！所幸的是，这个物种在此前广西植物研究所科研人员和中国台湾的科研人员联合进行研究的时候，台湾辜严倬云保种中心引种了少量植株（10株），而广西植物研究所也从辜氏保种中心引回少量个体并保存在植物资源与地理研究中心，使得该物种不至于遭受到和圆果苣苔一样的命运，灭绝！因为仍有极少量的个体保存在人工控制的环境下，因此碎米荠叶报春苣苔的IUCN濒危评价等级被评为“危评，野外灭绝”。
      Primulina cardaminifolia Yan Liu & W.B. Xu, was firstly discovered and collected by Mr. Wei Hong-Jin (Net name: Jin She Lang , Golden Shooting Wolf), who is working in the Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden at present (Figs. 1 & Figs. 2). Then in a study of this rare species, Dr. Xu Wei-Bin and Prof. Liu Yan of GXIB, Yoshiko Kono and Prof. Ching-I Peng of Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan of China, Hsuan Chang and Dr. Kuo-Fang Chung of School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taiwan of China,co-published it in 2013.This new taxon looks very special, is the second species of Primulina having big corollas, another is P. pinnata (W. T.Wang)Y. Z.Wang. All available data support the recognition of the new species P. cardaminifolia and suggest that it could have derived from homoploid hybrid speciation, but it need to be developed deeply. Unfortunately, when it was published at that time, the individuals in the field were very, very few. Before we carry out research deeply for this species, the type locality was thoroughly destroyed by collapse! Because local people have been planting Eucalyptus for making money, the structure of the limestone hill body and hydrologic condition were being influenced and changed. In 2013, after raining cats and dogs for some weeks, the terrible collapse directly buried all living plants of type locality.The best out of the worst, when this new taxon was studied by those researchers of GXIB and institute and university of Taiwan, China, some individuals were introduced by KBCC. Soon afterwards, GXIB re-introduced from KBCC and is cultivating it in Center for Plant Resources & Phytogeographical Studies of GXIB. Thus, the IUCN endangered grade is assessed as “Extinct in the field, EW”.

图3 韦宏金先生与碎米荠叶报春苣苔的故事

Figs. 3 The history of Mr. Wei Hong-Jin and Primulina cardaminifolia

图4 碎米荠叶报春苣苔的合格发表

                                          Figs. 4 The description of this new taxon, Primulina cardaminifolia
      2014年5月，桂林植物园主持中国植物园联盟项目“中国本土植物全覆盖清查与保护（试点）”子课题“广西本土植物调查与保护”，由于之前已知碎米荠叶报春苣苔已经被评价为野外灭绝等级，因此希望能够从辜氏保种中心引回部分种苗进行扩繁，然后开展野外种群回归等试验，可惜被婉拒，使得计划不得已搁浅，使得这个物种的濒危等级一直高居不下，其面临的生存危机仍然在日益加重。
      In May 2014, Guilin Botanical Garden presided a project of Chinese Botanic Garden Union, “Sub-project: The investigation and protection of Guangxi Native Plants” of “The Check and Protection of Chinese Native Plants (Pilot Project)”. Because Guilin Botanical Garden understood that Primulina cardaminifolia was assessed as “EW”, and wanted to re-introduce some individuals of P. cardaminifolia from KBCC, then to develop some experiments for re-introduction in the field. It seems barely comprehensible that KBCC declined Guilin Botanical Garden’s offer so that the good plan was stranded. This makes this rare species possible to disappear in the near future because of fewer individuals and fewer maintained localites.
      但是GCCC一直没有放弃在野外重新找到这个物种的希望，正如同他们前往圆果苣苔产地十余次一样，从2010年开始，扩大了对其分布地域的考察，希冀能够有惊喜，不管是这个惊喜来自于严酷夏日，冰冷寒冬，还是暴雨滂沱，狂风呼啸。所以，当2017年7月8日，有消息传来可能发现了疑似碎米荠叶报春苣苔的讯息，尽管中央气象台提前发布了广西柳州、来宾地区暴雨蓝色预警，GCCC成员还是义无反顾地出发了！在GCCC的忠实Fans的带领下，各位爬过一座又一座的石山，跨过一条又一条的激流、步行十余公里（图3 &图4），在暴雨倾盆中走了4个多小时，到达了疑似碎米荠叶报春苣苔的新分布地——这里距离该种的模式产地所在乡直线距离有12公里（百度地图实测，为了物种保护，我们隐去了该种的新分布地地址信息）！
      However, GCCC never gives up hope to re-discover this species in the field, as for many visiting and investigating in the type locality of Gyrogyne subaequifolia W.T. Wang. The members of GCCC extended the investigation range surrounding the type locality. They are too frantic tasting everything on that, no matter what Hot summer and Cold winter, or torrential downpour and screaming wind. When the members of GCCC got the exciting information about Primulina cardaminifolia at 8th July, and they decided to go to investigate right now, although the blue weather warning for torrential downpour for Laibin city, Liuzhou city and Guilin city by National Meteorological Center, China at 10th July. The fans of GCCC guided us to walk more than ten kilometers (four hours), crossed many rapid streams, we arrived the new distributed locality of P. cardaminifolia! There is about 12 kilometer as the crow flies from the type locality (Based on the Baidu Map online, for protecting this species, we hide all information of the new locality).

图5 GCCC跋山涉水（I）

Figs. 5 The members of GCCC walked in the terrible stream

图6 GCCC跋山涉水，飞檐走壁拍美花（II）

                             Figs. 6 The members of GCCC climbed cliff to take photo for Primulina cardaminifolia
      当看到在悬崖上盛开的碎米荠叶报春苣苔的时候，我们觉得，所有的辛劳、艰苦，都是顿时烟消云散！这是继焰苞报春苣苔之后，GCCC通过长时间的野外实地调查，被评价为“野外灭绝”的苦苣苔科植物类群中，重新发现野外分布地点和物种居群的第二个报春苣苔属物种！我们逐一对该分布点的所有个体进行了清点，成熟植株27株，幼年个体119株（真叶2-4枚），所有个体集中分布在一个悬岩下部，生境脆弱，完全依赖于上方茂盛的常绿阔叶林植被荫蔽和岩壁上的少量滴水，亟待开展扩繁和保育工作（图6 &图7 ）。
      When we saw the wonderful plants and beautiful flowers of Primulina cardaminifolia, we think it all worthwhile! After P. spadiciformis (W.T. Wang) Mich. Möller & A. Weber, P. cardaminifolia is the second species which was once assessed as “EW” but is re-assessed as other grade and is no longer “EW” by GCCC. We checked all individuals one by one, we were sure that there is 27 mature individuals and 119 young seedlings (having 2-4 euphyllas). All individuals grow under a hanging limestone cliff, they need to develop propagation and conservation (Figs. 7 & Figs. 8).
      据我们的仔细观察，仅有少量残存果荚，但果荚内均无种子，因此从所有个体上分别采集1枚，共采集了27枚叶片用于在GCCC内行叶插繁殖并最大范围地保存其遗传多样性。随后，GCCC和桂林植物园将针对碎米荠叶报春苣苔开展大量的科研工作，并争取早日将这个美丽的物种进行产地回归，使它永远在广西的青山碧水间绽放芳华！！！
      After carefully checking, we found fewer survival capsules but no seeds inside. Thus we collected one leaf from every mature individual to make leaf cutting (total 27 leaves), and try to keep the all genetic diversity of this population. Soon afterwards, GCCC and Guilin Botanical Garden will carry outresearches, and make re-introduction for this beautiful species.
      特此感谢，GCCC的Fans，一小**花（徐先生）、Z先生、L先生和H先生提供讯息！特此一并表示感谢！
      Thanks those Fans of GCC, thanks “Yi Xiao ** Hua (Mr. Xu)”, Mr. Z, Mr. L and Mr. H for their helps!