中国主要禾本科植物花的基本类型与系统分类

摘要：

本文研究、分析了禾本科33个族、174个属(632种)的花的性状；讨论了重要性状演化

  的趋势。根据花、尤其花中鳞被的比较形态，把禾本科植物的花概括为三大类型七个亚型：竹

  型(包括真竹亚型，稻亚型、芦竹亚型、针茅亚型)、早熟禾型(含早熟禾亚型)和黍型(包括画眉

  草亚型，真黍亚型)。其结果与花的基本类型相对应的大类群，以及与幼苗基本类型、颖果基本

  类型相对应的大类群是一致的，即竹亚科、稻亚科、芦竹亚科、针茅亚科、早熟禾亚科、画眉草亚

  科，黍亚科。

关键词: 禾本科, 花, 系统分类

Abstract:

The flowers of the representative species of 33 tribes and 174 genera were

investigated for the purpose of Gramineae systematics.  Discussed in this paper are ten impor-

tant flower characters, 6 of which are of the pistil, two of the androecium and two of the lodi-

cule.  The morphology of lodicules is of particularly great value in systematics, it consisting of

nine forms:  membranous-flattend, tongue-shaped, chaffy-peltate, hooded or helmet-shaped,

spade-like, longitudinally folded, cucullate, top-shaped and funnel-thaped.  Its numbers per flo-

wer may be: numerous, triple, dual, single and absent. On the basis of these ten characters,

three major types and seven subtypes of the flowers of Gramineae may be recognized:  Bam-

busoid (including True Bambusoid, Oryzoid, Arundinoid, Stipoid), pooid (with Subtype Po-

oid only) and Panicoid (including Eragrostoid, True Panicoid). As a result, The major groups

corresponding to the flower basic types agree wih those divided according to the basic types of

seedlings and caryopses. They are seven subfamilies:  Banbusoideae, Oryzoideae, Arandinoi

deae, Stipoideae, Pooideae, Eragrostoideae and Panicoideae.

Key words: Gramineae, Flower, Systematics

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