首页分享棉花纤维品质功能基因组学研究与分子改良研究进展

棉花纤维品质功能基因组学研究与分子改良研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-03-12 17:07

摘要： 从基因组学、功能基因组学、蛋白质组学和生物信息学等多学科研究棉花纤维品质发育的分子机制。利用辐射诱变、杂交、回交、系谱选择等技术培育、挖掘优异纤维资源384份；利用徐州142棉纤维无长绒无短绒突变体筛选纤维伸长相关基因，用体外培养方法验证乙烯、BR的生物合成途径及部分次生物质在纤维生长过程中作用；构建了海岛棉品种Pima90-53和建陆地棉7235 BAC文库；用蛋白质组学研究棉纤维发育过程中一些重要蛋白质的变化，构建棉纤维细胞蛋白质表达谱；利用抑制扣除杂交方法、基因芯片技术或从纤维cDNA文库中筛选棉纤维发育相关基因199个，并用模式系统和棉花对基因的功能进行分析和验证；建立了高效农杆菌介导、花粉管通道、基因枪轰击三种规模化的快速基因功能验证体系术体系；开发新标记，构建陆海、陆陆高密度分子标记遗传连锁图谱，选择有用分子标记和生化辅助育种相结合，初步建立了棉花纤维品质分子改良育种体系。

关键词: 棉花 , 纤维品质 , 功能基因组 , 分子改良 , 进展

Abstract: Molecular mechanisms of cotton fiber development were studied using genome, functional genome, proteomics, bioinformatics approaches. The results showed that the excellent fiber resources were selected using radiate mutation, cross, backcross, genealogy selection approaches. Genes relating to cotton fiber elongation were cloned using Xuzhou142 and the fl mutants. The functions of ethylene, BR and the part secondary metabolites were proved in cotton fiber elongation using in vitro culture. BAC libraries of G. barbadense L. Pima90-53 and G. hirsutum L. 7235 were constructed. The changes of some proteins were studied using proteomics approaches and protein expression maps were constructed in cotton fiber development. One hundred and ninety-nine genes relating to cotton fiber development were selected by cDNA library, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and Gene Chip Technology. These genes function were analyzed and proved by model system plant and cotton. Cotton large-scale transgenic technologic systems were constructed including Agrobacterium tumefaciens, pollen tube pathway and particle bombardment to confirm genes functions quickly. New molecule markers and molecular genetic map cross between G. hirsutum L.× G. barbadense L., and G. hirsutum L.×G. hirsutum L. were constructed. Cotton fiber molecule improvement breeding systems were primarily built by using useful molecule markers and biochemical assistance breeding technology.

Key words: Cotton , Fiber quality , Functional genome , Molecule improvement , Advances