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长瓣兜兰开花特性与繁育系统研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-02-20 17:07

摘要：

观察记录了温室栽培条件下长瓣兜兰(Paphiopedilum dianthum)的花部特征和开花进程,同时通过花粉活力与柱头可授性测定、杂交指数估算及人工控制授粉试验等对其繁育特性进行了研究。结果表明:长瓣兜兰6—9月开花,单花花期45 ~ 55 d,2 ~ 5朵花,单株花期75 ~ 90 d。在花朵开放过程中,花药凝聚形成的花粉团始终位于蕊柱两侧且有一定距离,相对位置不变。盛花期(开花6 ~ 34 d)花粉活力和柱头可授性最强。长瓣兜兰杂交指数(OCI)为4。无论去雄与否,套袋后的花均不结实。人工自花授粉、人工同株异花授粉和人工异株授粉的结实率分别为83.30%、90.00%和96.70%,显著高于自然传粉。说明长瓣兜兰不存在无融合生殖现象,具有高度被动自交和异交的能力,繁育系统是需要传粉者自交和异交混合交配的系统。

关键词: 长瓣兜兰, 花粉活力, 柱头, 可授性, 杂交指数, 繁育系统

Abstract:

The floral characteristics and flowering process ofPaphiopedilum dianthum under greenhouse cultivation condition were investigated. Meanwhile,the pollen viability and stigma acceptability determination,hybridization index estimation,and artificial controlled pollination test were conducted to analyze floral characteristics and breeding system of the P. dianthum. The results showed that P. dianthum blossomed from June to September,with a single flowering period of 45 to 55 d,a single plant flowering period of 75 to 90 d. Each plant generally produced one peduncle bearing with two to five flowers. During the entire blooming process,the pollinia formed by anthers were persistently located on both sides of the staminode and the relative positions remained unchanged. The pollen viability and stigma receptivity reached the highest in the full-flowering period(flowering 6 to 34 d),and the pollen and sitgma have a longer life span. The hybridization index(OCI)ofP. dianthum was four. Regardless of emasculation or not,the seed setting rates of artificial self-pollination,artificial cross-pollination of the same plant,and artificial cross-pollination of different plants were 83.30%,90.00%,and 96.70%,respectively. No significant difference was observed among these rates,which were all significantly higher than that of natural pollination. These results demonstrate that there is no apomixis but highly passive self-crossing and out-crossing abilities in the P. dianthum,and the breeding system is a mixed mating system of selfing and out-crossing that requires pollinators.

Key words: Paphiopedilum dianthum, flower, pollen viability, stigma, receptivity, hybridization index, breeding system

中图分类号:

S682.31