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四萼猕猴桃Actinidia tetramera Maxim.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-14 07:06

四萼猕猴桃Actinidia tetramera Maxim.

别名：小洋桃;羊奶奶藤;水丝梨;甲儿藤;麻奶奶树;山洋桃;水梨藤;白血藤;四蕊猕猴桃;四瓣猕猴桃;小桃儿藤;洋桃;小杨桃;羊桃;四数猕猴桃;四蕚猕猴桃;四数木天蓼;

科名：猕猴桃科 Actinidiaceae

属名：猕猴桃属 Actinidia

《中国植物志》第49(2)卷215页
  6．四萼猕猴桃（拉汉种子植物名称）
  Actinidia tetramera Maxim. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 11: 35. 1890. Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 404. 1911; Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 381. 1915; P’ei & Law in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 2: 30. 1948; Li in Journ. Arn. Arb. 33:24-25. 1952.
  中型落叶藤本；着花小枝长3-8厘米，径约2.5毫米，红褐色，无毛，皮孔显著，髓褐色，片层状；隔年枝径约3毫米。叶薄纸质，长方卵形、长方椭圆形或椭圆披针形，长4-8厘米，宽2-4厘米，顶端长渐尖，基部楔状狭圆形、圆形或截形，两侧不对称，边缘有细锯齿，两面近同色，有时上部变为白色，腹面完全无毛，背面侧脉腋上有极显著（肉眼可见）的白色髯毛或缺髯毛，中脉的下段乃至叶柄上常有一些白色小刺毛或叶面中脉和侧脉有较多的刺毛，侧脉6-7对，叶干后两面均极易见，横脉与网状小脉很不发达，几不可见；叶柄水红色，长1.2-3.5厘米。花白色，渲染淡红色，通常1花单生，极少为2-3朵成聚伞花序的，雌性花远比雄性花普遍常见；花柄丝状，无毛，长1.5-2.2厘米；苞片废退；萼片4片，少数5片，长方卵形，长4-5毫米，两面洁净无毛，唯边缘有极细睫状毛；花瓣4片，少数5片，瓢状倒卵形，长7-10毫米；花丝丝状，长约4毫米，基部膨大如棒头，花药黄色，长圆形，长约1.5毫米，两端钝圆；子房榄球形，长约3 :5毫米，洁净无毛，花柱细长，长约4毫米。果熟时桔黄色，卵珠状，长1.5 2厘米，无毛，无斑点，有反折的宿存萼片；种子长2.5毫米。花期5月中旬-6月中旬，果熟期9月中开始。
  分2变种。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Actinidia tetramera Maximowicz
四萼猕猴桃 si e mi hou tao
Actinidia tetramera var. badongensis C. F. Liang; Clematoclethra giraldii Diels.
Climbing shrubs, mid-sized, deciduous. Branchlets grayish to reddish, glabrous, lenticels conspicuous; pith brown, lamellate. Petiole 1.2-3.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely setose; leaf blade oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 × 2-4 cm, thinly papery, abaxially glabrous to slightly strigillose on midvein, always very conspicuously white barbate at axils of lateral veins, adaxially glabrous to sparsely strigillose on midvein and lateral veins, midvein and lateral veins subconspicuous to conspicuous on both surfaces, lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs, veinlets reticulate, inconspicuous, base narrowly cuneate-rounded to rounded or truncate, usually oblique, margin serrulate, apex long acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, rarely 2- or 3-flowered cymes; pedicels 1.5-2.2 cm, glabrous; bracts linear, minute. Flowers somewhat pinkish white. Sepals 4(or 5), oblong-ovate, 4-5 mm, glabrous. Petals 4(or 5), obovate, 7-10 mm. Filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers yellow, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, both ends rounded. Ovary cylindric to slightly bottle-shaped, ca. 3.5 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 4 mm. Fruit orange when mature, ovoid, 1.5-2 cm, glabrous, lenticels absent; persistent sepals reflexed. Seeds ca. 2.5 mm. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep. 2n = 58*.
● Mountain forests, thickets, moist places; 1100-2700 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.