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铁甲秋海棠Begonia masoniana Irmsch.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-14 06:05

别名：花叶秋海棠;铁十字海棠;马蹄海棠;虎皮海棠;刺毛海棠;铁十字秋海棠;马蹄秋海棠;万字秋海棠;

科名：秋海棠科 Begoniaceae

属名：秋海棠属 Begonia

《中国植物志》第52(1)卷137页
  8.铁甲秋海棠图版29: 1-4
  Begonia masoniana Irmsch. in Begonian 26: 202-203, 231, 1959, et in Begonian 38: 52. 1971: L. B. Smith et al. in Smithson. Contr. Bot. 60: 77, 78, 87, in clavi, 198, Pl. s, fig. 26. 1986. ——B. masoniana Irmsch. var. maculata S. K. Chen, R. X. Zheng et D. Y. Xia in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 8 (2): 222. 1986. ——B. rex auct. non Putz. :R. X. Zheng in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 7 (1): 125. 1985.
  多年生草本。根状茎未见。叶均基生，通常1片，具长柄；叶片两侧极不相等，轮廓斜宽卵形至斜近圆形，长10-19厘米，宽9-15厘米，先端急尖或短尾尖，基部深心形，窄侧宽4-8厘米，宽侧7.1-13.5厘米，边缘有密、微凸起的长芒之齿，芒长1-1.7毫米，上面深绿色，有浅色斑纹，并密被锥状的长硬毛，下面淡褐绿色，沿脉被硬刺毛，掌状5-7条脉，窄侧1-2条，宽侧3-5条，侧脉达边缘，两面均较明显；叶柄长约11厘米，密被粗、褐色卷曲硬毛；托叶早落。花葶高38-54厘米，有棱，近顶端有极疏长毛；花多数，黄色，4-5回圆锥状二歧聚伞花序；花梗长5-10毫米，和分枝均散生长腺毛；苞片和小苞片均膜质，披针形或长圆形，长3-5毫米，先端急尖，边有腺毛，通常早落。雄花：花被片4，外轮2枚，宽卵形或半圆形，长5-7毫米，宽6-7毫米，先端圆，基部微心形，外面被长毛，内轮2枚长圆形，长约5毫米，宽约1.8毫米，先端钝；雄蕊多数，花丝离生，长约0.8毫米，整个呈球形，花药倒卵球形，长约0.8毫米，先端微凹；雌花：花被片3，外轮2枚长圆倒卵形，长约6毫米，宽约4毫米，先端圆，外面有毛，内轮花被片1，长圆形，长约5毫米，宽约1.9毫米，先端钝；子房长圆形，被带紫色长毛，具3窄翅，翅近等宽；花柱3，柱头2裂，呈U字形。果实未见。花期5-7月，果期9月开始。
  广西（大新、凭祥）。生于山地山坡石灰岩石上和密林湿土石穴上或山坡沟边灌丛下，海拔170-220米。
  昆明植物园有栽培。本种由于叶片上面的锥状毛和多花的大型圆锥状二歧聚伞花序和子房被紫色长毛；在本属内很容易识别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Begonia masoniana Irmscher ex Ziesenhenne
铁甲秋海棠 tie jia qiu hai tang
Herbs, rhizomatous. Rhizomes creeping, 1.5-2.3 cm in diam. Leaves all basal; stipules triangular, manifestly keeled; petiole 10-30 cm, hirsute-villous; blade abaxially pale green, adaxially with broad blackish brown (red abaxially) bands along main veins, obliquely broadly ovate to suborbicular, 10-25 × 9-20 cm, abaxially sparsely villous or hispid on veins, adaxially with many hairy tipped pustules, sparsely long setose or hirsute, basally 5-7-veined, base deeply cordate, margin densely denticulate, apex acuminate or shortly caudate. Inflorescences axillary; peduncle 10-54 cm, sparsely glandular pilose; pedicel 5-14 mm; bracts and bracteoles ovate or oblong to lanceolate, 3-5 × 2-3 mm, membranous, margin glandular ciliate, apex acute, caducous; flowers 20-100 in a dichasial cyme. Staminate flower: tepals 4, outer 2 broadly ovate or suborbicular, 5-11 × 6-12 mm, inner 2 oblong, 5-8 × 2-4.5 mm, apex obtuse; androecium actinomorphic; stamens 40-55; anthers obovoid, apex truncate or subemarginate. Pistillate flower: tepals 3, outer 2 broadly ovate, oblong-obovate or suborbicular, (6-)8-12 × (4-)7-13 mm, abaxially glandular hispid, apex rounded, inner 1 oblong or obovate, 5-7.5 × 2-4.5 mm, apex obtuse; ovary oblong, red glandular hispid, placentae parietal; styles 3. Capsule nodding, oblong to ellipsoid, 9-13 × 5-6 mm, reddish, glandular hispid, unequally 3-winged, largest wing obliquely lunate or ligulate, 4-9 mm. Fl. Mar-Sep, fr. Jun-Sep.
Rocky limestone slopes, in caves under dense forests or shrubberies; 100-300 m. Guangxi (Daxin, Pingxiang) [Vietnam].
Begonia masoniana var. maculata S. K. Chen et al. (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 8: 222. 1986) was described from a cultivated plant in Kunming, Yunnan. However, it is from Vietnam and does not occur wild in China. It has subsequently been raised to species rank under the name B. variegata Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 27: 372. 2005), based on the same type.