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沙皮蕨Hemigramma decurrins (Hook.) Cop.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-14 06:02

别名：下延沙皮蕨;

科名：叉蕨科 Aspidiaceae

属名：沙皮蕨属 Hemigramma

《中国植物志》第6(1)卷102页
  1.沙皮蕨 (中国主要植物图说) 拟叉蕨图版17: 5-8
  Hemigramma decurrens (Hook.) Cop. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 37: 404. 1928; Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. Ser. 1: 155. 1930 et Icon. Fil. Sin. 4: pl. 185. 1937; C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 109. 1934; Ogata, Icon. Fil. Jap. 7: 315. 1936; Tard. -Blot et C. Chr. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 7: 97. 1938 et in Fl. Indo-Chine 7 (2): 438. 1941; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说 (蕨类植物门) 206, f. 277. 1957; Ching et al. in Chun et al. Fl. Hainan. 1: 162, f. 73. 1964; Icon. Corm. Sin. 1: 247, f. 494. 1972; DeVol et C. M. Kuo in H. L. Li et al. Fl. Taiwan 1: 332, Pl. 117. 1975; Fl. Fujian. 1: 221. 1982. ——Gymnopteris decurrens Hook. in Journ. Bot. 9: 359. 1857 et Fil. Exot. t. 94. 1859: Benth. Fl. Hongk. 443. 1861, non Hook. 1862. ——Acrostichum decurrens Hook. Sp. Fil.　5: 274. 1864; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. 118. 1874; Dunn ＆ Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. lnf. Add. Ser. 10: 355. 1912. ——Gymnopteris harlandii Hook. Gard. Ferns t. 6. 1862; J. Sm. Hist. Fil. 138. 1875: Diels in Engl. u. Prand, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1 (4): 129. 1899. ——Acrostichum harlandii Hook. Sp. Fil. 5: 274. 1864; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. 418. 1865. ——Chrysodium harlandii Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. 13: 138. 1873. ——Anapausia harlandii Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47: 174. 1933; H. Ito, Fil. Jap. Illustr. t. 328. 1944. ——Anapausia bonii Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47: 174. 1933. ——Polypodium hainanense C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 531. 1905. ——Leptochilus kanashiroi Hayata, Icon. Fl. Form. 5: 298, f. 120. 1915. ——Hemigramma distinctipetiola Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. Ser. 1: 156. 1930.
  植株高30-70厘米。根状茎短横走至斜升，粗1. 5-2厘米，有许多近木质的根，顶部及叶柄基部均密被鳞片；鳞片线状披针形，长达1厘米，先端长渐尖，边缘有密睫毛，膜质，褐棕色并稍有光泽。叶簇生；不育叶叶柄长10-25厘米，基部粗3-4毫米，暗禾秆色至棕色，稍有光泽，上面有浅沟，光滑无毛，顶部两侧有狭翅，能育叶叶柄长达40厘米；叶二型: 不育叶卵形，长20-35厘米，基部宽约20-25厘米，基部下延或不下延，奇数一回羽状或为三叉或有时为披针形的单叶；顶生羽片较大，阔披针形，长约20厘米，中部宽5-6厘米，柄长达1厘米或近无柄而与下面一对侧生羽片合生，先端长渐尖，基部楔形，全缘或为浅波状；侧生羽片1-3对，对生，相距5-6厘米，稍斜向上，近无柄，披针形，长15-20厘米，中部宽3-4厘米，先端长渐尖，基部楔形，其下侧通常下延于叶轴形成狭翅，全缘；能育叶与不育叶同形但较小，能育羽片长8-10厘米，宽约2厘米。叶脉联结成近六角形网眼，有分叉的内藏小脉，两面均稍隆起，光滑无毛；侧脉稍曲折，两面均隆起并光滑。叶坚纸质，干后暗褐色，两面均光滑；叶轴及羽轴暗禾秆色，上面稍凹下，两面均光滑。孢子囊群沿叶脉网眼着生，成熟时满布于能育叶下面；囊群盖缺。染色体2n=160。
  产台湾（淡水）、福建（华安）、广东（曲江，龙头山、汕头、茂名、高要，鼎湖山、清远，飞来峡、南海，西樵山、宝安）、海南（乐东，尖峰岭、崖县）、云南（河口）。生密林下阴湿处或岩石上，海拔100-700米。日本琉球和越南也产之。模式标本产地：广东。
  本种形体的变化很大，由奇数一回羽状或指状深裂至单叶，侧生羽片的基部下侧通常下延于叶轴，但亦偶有不下延。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Tectaria harlandii (Hooker) C. M. Kuo Taiwania. 47: 173. 2002.
沙皮蕨 sha pi jue
Acrostichum harlandii Hooker, Sp. Fil. 5: 274. 1864; Anapausia bonii (Christ) Nakai; A. harlandii (Hooker) Nakai; Gymnopteris bonii Christ; G. decurrens Hooker; Hemigramma decurrens (Hooker) Copeland; H. distinctipetiolata Ching; Leptochilus bonii (Christ) C. Christensen; L. harlandii (Hooker) C. Christensen; L. kanashiroi Hayata; Polypodium hainanense C. Christensen.
Plants terrestrial, 30-70 cm tall. Rhizome ascending to creeping, short, 1.5-2 cm in diam., roots lignified, densely scaly at apex and stipe bases; scales brown, glossy, linear-lanceolate, up to 1 cm, membranous, margins densely ciliate, apices long acuminate. Fronds clustered, dimorphic; sterile fronds in rosettes in juvenile stage, stipe dark stramineous or brown to castaneous, slightly glossy, 10-25 cm, 3-4 mm in diam. at base, glabrous, grooved above, narrowly winged toward apex. Lamina simple, trifoliate, or odd-pinnate, dark green when dried, ovate, 20-35 × 20-25 cm, thickly papery, both surfaces glabrous, base decurrent or not, apex acuminate; rachises and costae dark stramineous, slightly grooved above, glabrous on both sides; terminal pinna larger, broadly lanceolate, ca. 20 × 5-6 cm, subsessile or with a stalk up to 1 cm, base cuneate and decurrent, apex long acuminate, entire to undulate; lateral pinnae 1-3 pairs, opposite, interval 5-6 cm, slightly oblique, subsessile, lanceolate, 15-20 × 3-4 cm, bases cuneate and decurrent and forming narrow wings, margin entire or slightly undulate, apices long acuminate. Fertile fronds elongate and narrow; stipe up to 40 cm, glabrous; lamina narrow, trifoliate or odd-pinnate, pinnae linear-lanceolate, 8-10 × ca. 2 mm, sessile, entire or undulate. Veins anastomosing forming copious areoles, included veinlets forked, raised on both sides, glabrous. Sori orbicular, anastomosing in line along areoles, throughout abaxial surface when mature, exindusiate.
On wet moss-covered rocks in forests or along streams; 100-700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Vietnam].
Tectaria harlandii is commonly segregated into the genus Hemigramma because of its dimorphic leaves with contracted fertile fronds and linear sori that cover the entire abaxial surface of the blade when mature. Molecular evidence has shown however that this species is part of a greater Tectaria clade and cannot be maintained in a separate genus. The characters separating Hemigramma from Tectaria are minor and are known to occur in other species of Tectaria in other parts of the world.Polypodium dimorphum Baker (Ann. Bot. 5: 477. 1891, not Link (1833), described from Hainan) probably belongs here as the isotype sheet in BM was so annotated by Ching.