中国云南8种堇菜属植物的叶形态解剖特征及分类学意义

摘要：

堇菜属（Viola）植物种类多、分布广、形态变异大，物种鉴定和分类系统争议较大。因此，为解决该属 物种的分类学问题，以中国云南产的8种堇菜属植物为研究对象，利用显微镜和石蜡切片技术观察叶形态解剖特征，结果如下：（1）叶型可分为4种：肾形、戟形、卵形和三深裂；（2）叶片边缘和叶脉处稀疏分布着单细胞单列毛状体，可分为3类：短柱状、中柱状和长柱状；（3）叶表皮细胞垂周壁式样有平直-弓形、浅波状和深波状，气孔器类型有平列型、横列型和无规则型；气孔多为椭圆形，少数为近圆形；（4）叶中脉处上下表皮突起有均等型和不等型；（5）叶柄横切面轮廓和主维管束形态相关，前者为椭圆形、半圆形和近圆形，后者为浅U型、深U型和圆形。分析结果表明，堇菜属的叶型、表皮毛被、叶表皮细胞形态、气孔类型、叶中脉处的上下表皮形态、叶柄横切面及主维管束轮廓等，在种间差异明显，可以用作属内物种划分和近似种间的区别，支持长萼堇菜（V. inconspicua）、早开堇菜（V. prionantha）和紫花地丁（V. philippica）是一组有近缘关系的独立种。

关键词: 堇菜属, 叶形态, 叶表皮, 叶解剖, 叶柄, 毛被, 分类学

Abstract:

The taxonomy of Viola L. has been problematic due to its varied morphology in a large number of species with a wide distribution. To solve its taxonomic problem， leaf morphology and anatomy in eight Viola species from Yunnan， China were investigated using the microscope and paraffine section. The results showed that： （1）There were four leaf shapes grouped into the reniform， the hastate， the ovate， and the three-lobed types. （2）There were three types of uniseriately single-celled trichome， including the short-column， the medium-column， and the long-column， growing along the margins and veins of leaves. （3）The anticlinal wall of epidermal cells was the straight-arched， the sinuolate， and the sinuous patterns respectively. Most of the stomata were orbicular while some wereelliptical， which comprised the paracytic， the diacytic， and the anomocytic patterns. （4）The outlines of mid-rib transverse section were divided into the equal and the unequal types based on the different sizes between the adaxial and the abaxial epidermis. （5）The shapes of cross section of the petiole were grouped into the elliptical， the sub-orbicular， and the circle patterns， with obvious adaxially lateral wings and ridges. The number of vascular bundles was one or three， with varied three outlines containing the round， the shallowly U-type， and the deeply U-type. It was showed that some selected features of morpho-anatomy of leaf were much valuable for problematic species delimitation， including the leaf shape， the trichome， the epidermal cell， the outline of vascular bundle， and the shape of cross section of leaf and petiole. Additionally， it was supported that V. inconspicua， V. prionantha， and V. philippica should be treated as three independent species.

Key words: Viola, leaf morphology, epidermis, anatomy, petiole, trichome, taxonomy

中图分类号: 

Q949.759.2

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