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中国草地外来入侵植物现状研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-10 13:55

摘要： 草地是中国陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，外来入侵植物已对我国草地造成了严重的生态危害和经济损失。了解草地外来植物的种类组成和入侵现状，是加强草地入侵植物管控，开展有效防控措施的基础。本文基于文献报道和数据库资料，系统分析了我国草地外来入侵植物的种类组成、起源、生活型、入侵途径和分布区域。结果表明，我国草地生境现有外来入侵植物183种，隶属41科123属。其中，菊科植物最多，有47种；禾本科和豆科分别有30种、21种。入侵植物来源于美洲的物种最多，共占总数的56.2%；其次是欧洲和亚洲，分别占比23.14%，13.22%。生活型以一年生和多年生草本植物为主；有意引进是最主要的引入途径。我国草地外来入侵植物种类繁多且分布范围广，急需对其开展进一步的调查，全面监测追踪入侵种群动态，积极控制已产生严重危害的植物种类，实行预防在先、防治结合的原则。本文旨在为我国草地外来入侵植物防控工作提供可靠的理论参考。

关键词: 入侵植物, 草地, 种类分析, 原产地, 生活型

Abstract: Grassland ecosystem is an important part of natural ecosystem. At present,invasive alien plants have caused serious ecological damage and economic losses to grassland in China. Understanding the species composition and invasion status of exotic plants in grassland is the basis of strengthening the control of invasive plants and carrying out effective prevention and control measures. Based on literature reports and database,the species composition,origin,life forms,invasive routes and distribution area of alien invasive plants in Chinese grassland were preliminarily sorted out. A total of 183 alien invasive plants belonging to 123 genera and 41 families in grassland of China were summarized. Among them,Compositae has 47 species,Gramineae and Leguminosae have 30 species and 21 species respectively. The species originating from America accounted for 56.2% of the total,followed by Europe and Asia,accounting for 23.14% and 13.22% respectively. The main life forms were annual and perennial herbs and introduced by human. The further investigation must be carried out urgently because of the numerous amounts and wide distribution. We need to monitor the invasive population dynamics comprehensively and control endangered plant species actively. The principle of prevention first and then combining treatment shall be implemented. This paper aims to provide a reliable theoretical reference for the prevention and control of invasive alien plants in Chinese grassland.

Key words: Invasive plants, Grassland, Species analysis, Origin, Life form

中图分类号:

S812