首页分享温度与光照强度对蝴蝶兰光合生理与花序发育的影响

温度与光照强度对蝴蝶兰光合生理与花序发育的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-05 10:02

摘要：

温度与光照强度是影响蝴蝶兰生长发育的主要环境因子。以蝴蝶兰品种大辣椒为试验材料,在高温(昼夜温度30 ℃/28 ℃)和低温(昼夜温度24 ℃/18 ℃)条件下,研究不同光照强度(光通量密度分别为200 μmol·m-2·s-1和30 μmol·m-2·s-1)对蝴蝶兰生理和花序轴腋芽发育的影响。结果表明:蝴蝶兰叶片的净CO2吸收速率在高温强光处理下显著高于低温弱光、低温强光、高温弱光处理;叶绿素含量在高温弱光处理下显著高于低温弱光、低温强光、高温强光处理;淀粉含量在强光处理下显著高于弱光处理,其中高温强光处理下含量最高,低温弱光处理下含量最低,在高温弱光和低温弱光处理下呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,在低温强光和高温强光处理下呈现上下波动状态;可溶性糖含量在7 d时高温强光处理下含量最高,在14 d后,低温强光处理下显著高于低温弱光、高温弱光和高温强光处理;可溶性蛋白含量在高温强光处理下显著高于另外3个处理。另外,结合蝴蝶兰花序轴腋芽的发育形态和解剖结构特征发现,温度与光照对蝴蝶兰花序轴腋芽的影响有显著差异,呈现营养生长和生殖生长2种截然不同的发育进程:在高温弱光处理下,蝴蝶兰花序轴腋芽进行营养生长;在低温强光、低温弱光、高温强光处理下进行生殖生长。总的来说,温度与光照互作对蝴蝶兰光合生理具有显著影响,高温强光加快了蝴蝶兰花序轴腋芽的发育进程,高温弱光对蝴蝶兰的光合生理具有消极的影响,诱导蝴蝶兰花序轴腋芽进行营养生长。

关键词: 蝴蝶兰, 显微结构, 营养生长, 生殖生长, 碳水化合物

Abstract:

Temperature and light intensity are the main environmental factors affecting the growth and development of Phalaenopsis. In this study, the flowering plant of Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’ was used as experimental material, and the effects of two light intensity levels (photosynthetic photon flux density were 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 30 μmol·m-2·s-1) on photosynthesis, physiology and axillary bud development of flower stalk in Phalaenopsis were studied under high temperature (30 ℃/28 ℃) and low temperature (24 ℃/18 ℃) conditions. The results showed that the net CO2 absorption rate under high temperature with low light intensity condition (HT-LL) treatment was significantly higher than that of low temperature with low light intensity condition (LT-LL), low temperature with high light intensity condition (LT-HL) and high temperature and high light intensity condition (HT-HL) in Phalaenopsis leaves. Chlorophyll content under HT-LL treatment was significantly higher than that of LT-LL, LT-HL and HT-HL conditions. The starch content under high light intensity treatment was significantly higher than that in the low light treatment, among which the content was the highest under the HT-HL treatment and the lowest content under the LT-LL treatment; Under HT-LL treatment, the content of starch decreased first and then increased and then decreased, under LT-HL and HT-HL treatments, the content of starch fluctuated up and down. The soluble sugar content of HT-HL treatment was the highest at 7 d. After 14 d, the content of soluble sugar under LT-HL treatment was significantly higher than that under LT-LL, HT-LL and HT-HL treatments. Soluble protein content in HT-HL treatment was significantly higher than that under the other 3 treatments. In addition, combined with the developmental morphology and anatomical characteristics of axillary bud of flower stalk in Phalaenopsis, it was found that the effects of temperature and light on the axillary bud development of flower stalk were significantly different, showing two distinct developmental processes: vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The axillary buds of flower stalk were germinated and grown vegetative growth under HT-LL treatment, and grown reproductive growth under LT-HL, LT-LL and HT-HL treatments. In general, the interaction between temperature and light had a significant effect on the photosynthetic physiology of Phalaenopsis. HT-HL significantly promoted the photosynthesis of Phalaenopsis, which accelerated the axillary bud development of flower stalk in Phalaenopsis. HT-LL treatment had negative effects on photosynthetic physiology of Phalaenopsis and induced vegetative growth of axillary buds of flower stalk.

Key words: Phalaenopsis, microstructure, vegetative growth, reproductive growth, carbohydrate

中图分类号:

S682.31