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烟草Nicotiana tabacum Linn.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-05 08:03

烟草Nicotiana tabacum Linn.

别名：cultivated tobacco;菸草;红花烟草;大叶烟;旱烟叶子;旱烟;返魂烟;多亚美多;黄花烟草;草烟;烤烟;叶子烟;淡巴菰;烟叶;呀孃;合水烟;喝尼;辣烟;普通烟草;生烟;土烟;相思草;烟;红花烟;

科名：茄科 Solanaceae

属名：烟草属 Nicotiana

《中国植物志》第67(1)卷152页
  3.烟草（食用本草）烟叶（北方）图版39
  Nicotiana tabacum L. , Sp. Pl. 180. 1753——N. chinensis Fisch. ex Lehm. , Gen Nicot. 18. 1818; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13(1): 559. 1852.
  一年生或有限多年生草本，全体被腺毛；根粗壮。茎高0.7-2米，基部稍木质化。叶矩圆状披针形、披针形、矩圆形或卵形，顶端渐尖，基部渐狭至茎成耳状而半抱茎，长10-30（-70)厘米，宽8-15（-30）厘米，柄不明显或成翅状柄。花序顶生，圆锥状，多花；花梗长5-20毫米。花萼筒状或筒状钟形，长20-25毫米，裂片三角状披针形，长短不等；花冠漏斗状，淡红色，筒部色更淡，稍弓曲，长3.5-5厘米，檐部宽1-1.5厘米，裂片急尖；雄蕊中1枚显著较其余4枚短，不伸出花冠喉部，花丝基部有毛。蒴果卵状或矩圆状，长约等于宿存萼。种子圆形或宽矩圆形，径约0.5毫米，褐色。夏秋季开花结果。
  原产南美洲。我国南北各省区广为栽培。作烟草工业的原料；全株也可作农药杀虫剂；亦可药用，作麻醉、发汗、镇静和催吐剂。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Nicotiana tabacum Linnaeus
烟草 yan cao
Nicotiana chinensis Fischer ex Lehmann.
Herbs viscid, annual or short-lived perennial, 0.7-2 m tall, glandular hairy overall. Leaves decurrent, winging stems; leaf blade ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, 30(-70) × 8-15(-30) cm, membranous, glandular hairy, base narrowed, nearly half clasping, apex acuminate. Inflorescences many-flowered, much-branched panicles. Pedicel 0.5-2 cm. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 2-2.5 cm; lobes deltate, acuminate, unequal. Corolla yellowish at base, yellowish, greenish, red, or pink distally, funnelform, 3.5-5 cm; limb 1-1.5 cm in diam., with acute unequal lobes. Stamens unequal, sometimes partly exserted. Capsules ellipsoid or ovoid. Seeds brown, rounded, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. Fl. summer, fr. autumn.
Widely cultivated throughout China [native to South America]
Used for tobacco and as an insecticide, also medicinally for anaesthetic, inducing sweat, or vomiting.

《全国中草药汇编》:烟草

【拼音名】 Yān Cǎo
【别名】烟、烟叶
【来源】茄科烟草属植物烟草Nicotiana tabacum L.的全草。秋季采收，阴干。
【性味】辛，温。有毒。
【功能主治】消肿解毒，杀虫。用于疔疮肿毒，头癣，白癣，秃疮，毒蛇咬伤。灭钉螺、蚊、蝇、老鼠。
【用法用量】多外用。鲜草捣烂外敷，或用烟油擦涂患处。除四害将烟草制成5％浸出液喷洒，或点烟熏。
【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》