首页分享利用微生物杀菌剂防治马铃薯黄萎病

利用微生物杀菌剂防治马铃薯黄萎病

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-05 03:44

摘要： 马铃薯黄萎病是一种重要的世界性土传兼种传维管束病害，危害大且防治困难。利用活体微生物杀菌剂是防治作物土传病害的有效措施之一。本研究通过盆栽试验评价了微生物杀菌剂枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯出苗和生长的安全性，在河北省马铃薯主产区开展田间小区试验，研究了该制剂有效防治马铃薯黄萎病的使用方法和适宜施用剂量，并在河北省涞源县、围场县和永年区3县区分别开展了田间示范应用。盆栽试验和田间试验结果表明，枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂15、30和45 kg/hm2拌种处理对马铃薯出苗安全，对马铃薯生长没有不良影响；田间小区试验表明，在围场县试验田中，该制剂30 kg/hm2拌种处理单独使用或30 kg/hm2拌种加15 kg/hm2初花期滴灌使用均能显著减轻马铃薯黄萎病的发生，分别增产15.53%和17.10%；在新乐市试验田，枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂30 kg/hm2拌种处理显著增加马铃薯产量16.38%。田间示范应用结果表明，枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂30 kg/hm2拌种处理在涞源县和围场县防治马铃薯黄萎病效果显著，防效分别为84.22%和72.93%，两地分别显著增产24.30%和9.27%；在邯郸市永年区，相比化学药剂对照处理，枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂30 kg/hm2拌种处理显著增加马铃薯产量19.73%。本研究表明，枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯黄萎病具有显著的防治效果和显著的增产效果，为该制剂在马铃薯生产中高效应用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 马铃薯黄萎病, 枯草芽胞杆菌, 大丽轮枝菌, 生物防治

Abstract: Verticillium wilt is one of the important and widespread diseases in most potato regions of the world.It is a soil-borne and seed-borne vascular disease and difficult to control. Microbial fungicides have been confirmed as an effective measure to suppress crop soil-borne diseases. 109 spores/g Bacillus subtilis WP with the spores of B. subtilis NCD-2 as active ingredient was a microbial fungicides against crop soil-borne diseases. The safety of this preparation on potato seedling was evaluated by pot experiment, the method and dosage to control potato Verticillium wilt were investigated by field plot experiment and demonstrated in major potato production areas of Hebei Province. Pot experiment showed that seed-dressing with this microbial fungicide preparation was safe on potato emergence, which had no adverse effects on potato growth. Field plot experiment demonstrated that this preparation could significantly decrease potato Verticillium wilt and increase potato yields. In Weichang County, the treatments of seed-dressing with 30 kg/hm2 and seed-dressing with 30 kg/hm2 plus dripping irrigation with 15 kg/hm2 showed significant control efficacies against potato Verticillium wilt, respectively, compared to the control, meanwhile significantly increased the potato yield by 15.53% and 17.10%. In Xinle City, the treatment of seed-dressing with 30 kg/hm2 could significantly increase potato yield by 16.38%. The results from the demonstration fields showed that the treatment of seed-dressing with 30 kg/hm2 could significantly decrease potato Verticillium wilt by 84.22% and 72.93% in Laiyuan County and Weichang County, respectively, meanwhile increased yields by 24.30% and 9.27% respectively, compared to control, and significantly increase the yield by 19.73% compared to chemical control in Yongnian District. The results indicated that 109 spores/g B. subtilis WP was an excellent microbial preparation for potato Verticillium wilt control and potato yield increase, which provided the scientific basis for further application of this preparation in potato production.

Key words: potato Verticillium wilt, Bacillus subtilis, Verticillium dahliae, biological control

中图分类号:

S476