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冬枣花发育与果实解剖结构特征研究.pdf

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-03 14:08

园艺园林冬枣花发育与果实解剖结构特征研究 1,2 1 1 贺润平，李凤兰，续九如 1 2 ( 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院，北京100083；山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所，太原030032) 摘要：冬枣鲜食品质优良，经济价值较高，但是存在坐果率低、产量不稳等问题。采用石蜡切片和田间调查相结合的方法，研究冬枣芽、果实发育过程，结果表明冬枣花芽分化正常，胚胎发育过程中，雌雄配体均出现了败育现象。冬枣花量大，坐果率较低，落花落果严重。冬枣着色后果皮细胞充满糖分物质，转变为厚壁细胞。果实完全着色后冬枣细胞质壁分离，并伴随细胞器解体，易于吸水，是其进入裂果敏感期的物质结构基础。冬枣幼树主枝环剥结合喷施GA 可以提高其坐果率。建议冬枣秋施基肥，适当稀植有利于提高冬枣产 3 量与质量。关键词：冬枣；发育；解剖结构 Study on Flower Development and Fruit Anatomical Structure of Zizyphus Juj ube ‘Dongzao ’ 1,2 1 1 He Runping , Li Fenglan , Xu Jiuru 1 ( College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083; 2Institute of Plant Protect, SAAS, Taiyuan 030032) Abstract:Zizyphus j uj ube ‘Dongzao ’quality is good with high economic value. It held some problems such as low fruit setting rate, instable yield etc. In the paper, by the way of paraffin section and field investigation, the development of its bud and fruit were studied. The results showed flower bud differentiation was normal. During embryonic development stage female and male gametophytes appeared abnormal phenomena. Its flowers were much with low fruit setting, serious flower-drop and fruit-drop. Pericarpic cell accumulated sugar and turned into thick-wall cells when Z. j uj ube ‘Dongzao ’began to color. The whole fruit colored later, plasmolysis took place and organelle disintegrated. It