氮肥对水稻产量、品质和氮利用效率的影响研究进展

摘要：

随着世界人口增长和耕地面积不断减少,及新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延,粮食安全更加引起人们广泛关注。过去50多年间,氮肥的使用虽提高了作物产量,但也对环境造成了诸多负面影响。随着生活和消费水平的不断提高,人们对高品质稻米的需求也日益提高。提高氮肥利用效率、优化氮肥最佳用量、培育优质稻米是目前农业科技工作者面临的主要任务。基于前人的研究基础,本文主要概述了目前我国氮肥使用情况、氮肥运筹对水稻产量、稻米品质和氮利用效率的影响,以及氮代谢生理及分子机理等方面取得的进展。提出并讨论了研究过程中存在的问题,进一步明确了今后的研究重点。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥运筹, 氮利用效率, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

With the increase of the world population and the decrease of arable land, food security has still being a major global issue. In the past 50 years, although the use of nitrogen fertilizer has increased crop yields, it has also caused many negative effects on the environment. With the continuous improvement of living and consumption levels, people’s demand for high-quality rice is also increasing. Improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, optimizing the optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and cultivating high-quality and high-yield rice are the main tasks facing agricultural scientists. Based on previous research foundations, this article mainly summarized the current status of nitrogen fertilizer use in China, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on rice yield, rice quality and nitrogen use efficiency, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of nitrogen metabolism. Moreover, we put forward and discuss the problems existing in the research process, and further clarify the focus of future research.

Key words: rice, nitrogen application, nitrogen use efficiency, yield, quality

中图分类号: 

S511.062

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