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伞花蔷薇Rosa maximowicziana Regel.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-01 21:10

伞花蔷薇Rosa maximowicziana Regel.

别名：伞房蔷薇;散花蔷薇;牙门杠;刺玫果;刺玫菊;钩脚藤;牙门太;野刺玫;马氏蔷薇;酸溜溜;鸭雀食;

科名：蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名：蔷薇属 Rosa

《中国植物志》第37卷435页
  63.伞花蔷薇（东北木本植物图志）牙门太、牙门杠（东北），钩脚藤、酸溜溜、刺玫果（辽宁）图版69：5-6
  Rosa maximowicziana Regel. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 5: 378. 1878: Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 7:26. t. l. 1918; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 13: 312. 1932; Nakai in Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo no. 31:58. 1952. p. p.;东北木本植物图志311. 图版108.图224. 1955;东北植物检索表154.图版48. 图5. 1959. -R. fauriei Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 7: 199. 1909. p. p. excl. spec. Faurie 99; Nakai in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 31: 482. 1911.
  小灌木，具长匍枝，成弓形弯曲，散生短小而弯曲皮刺，有时被刺毛。小叶7-9，稀5，连叶柄长4-11厘米，小叶片卵形、椭圆形或长圆形，稀倒卵形，长1.5-3(-6）厘米，宽1-2厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部宽楔形或近圆形，边缘有锐锯齿，上面深绿色，无毛，下面色淡，无毛或在中脉上有稀疏柔毛，或有小皮刺和腺毛；托叶大部贴生于叶柄，离生部分披针形，边缘有不规则锯齿和腺毛。花数朵成伞房状排列；苞片长卵形，边缘有腺毛；萼片三角卵形，先端长渐尖，全缘，有时有1-2裂片，内外两面均有柔毛，内面较密，萼筒和萼片外面有腺毛；花直径3-3.5厘米；花梗长1-2.5厘米，有腺毛；花瓣白色或带粉红色，倒卵形，基部楔形，花柱结合成束，伸出，无毛，约与雄蕊等长。果实卵球形，直径8-10毫米，黑褐色，有光泽，萼片在果熟时脱落。花期6-7 月，果期9月。
  产辽宁、山东等省。多生于路旁、沟边、山坡向阳处或灌丛中。朝鲜及苏联远东地区有分布。
  果实供药用，又可供砧木用，嫁接蔷薇或月季品种。嫩枝可食用，生食带甜味。
  本种近似多花蔷薇R. multiflora Thunb.，后者小叶片下面常被短柔毛，托叶具显明篦齿状分裂，花朵和果实均较小，可以区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Rosa maximowicziana Regel
伞花蔷薇 san hua qiang wei
Shrubs small, with long repent branches. Branchlets terete; prickles scattered, curved, to 6 mm, flat, gradually tapering to broad base; bristles and smaller prickles sometimes present. Leaves including petiole 4–11 cm; stipules mostly adnate to petiole, free parts lanceolate, margin irregularly serrate and glandular-pubescent; leaflets 7–9, rarely 5, deep green adaxially, ovate, elliptic, or oblong, 1.5–3(–6) × 1–2 cm, abaxially glabrous or along midvein sparsely pubescent, or shortly prickly and glandular-pubescent, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin acutely serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers several in corymb, 3–3.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 1–2.5 cm, glandular-pubescent; bracts long ovate, margin glandular-pubescent. Hypanthium ovoid, abaxially glandular-pubescent. Sepals 5, deciduous, triangular-ovate, both surfaces pubescent, abaxially glandular-pubescent, margin entire, sometimes 1- or 2-lobed, apex long acuminate. Petals 5, white or tinged with pink, obovate, base cuneate, apex rounded-obtuse. Styles connate into column, exserted, nearly equaling stamens, glabrous. Hip black-brown, ovoid, 8–10 mm in diam., shiny. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep. 2n = 14.
Scrub, open slopes, stream sides, roadsides. Liaoning, Shandong [Korea, Russia (Far East)].