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榕树Ficus microcarpa

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-28 15:07

中文名（Chinese Name）：榕树
学名（Scientific Name）：Ficus microcarpa L. f.
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinese banyan
别名（Chinese Common Name）：细叶榕
异名（Synonym）：Ficus retusiformis H. Lév. Ficus cairnsii Warb. Ficus microcarpa var. pusillifolia J. C. Liao Ficus retusa var. crassifolia W. C. Shieh Ficus littoralis Blume Ficus amblyphylla (Miq.) Miq. Ficus microcarpa var. oluangpiensis J. C. Liao Ficus microcarpa var. crassifolia (W. C. Shieh) J. C. Liao Ficus microcarpa var. fuyuensis J. C. Liao Ficus condoravia Buch.-Ham. Urostigma amblyphyllum Miq. Urostigma microcarpum (L. f.) Miq. Ficus aggregata Vahl Ficus dahlii K.Schum. Ficus condaravia Buch.-Ham. Ficus dictyophleba F.Muell. ex Benth. Ficus dilatata Miq. Ficus dyctiophleba F.Muell. ex Miq. Ficus naumannii Engl. Ficus microcarpa f. pubescens Corner Ficus microcarpa var. latifolia (Miq.) Corner Ficus microcarpa var. naumannii (Engl.) Corner Ficus microcarpa var. nitida (King) F.C.Ho Ficus regnans Diels Ficus retusa f. parvifolia Miq. Ficus retusa f. pubescens Miq. Ficus retusa var. pisifera (Miq.) Miq. Ficus thynneana var. minor Domin Ficus thynneana F.M.Bailey Urostigma accedens var. latifolia Miq. Urostigma thonningii Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：桑科（Moraceae）榕属
形态特征（Description）：大乔木，高达15-25米，胸径达50厘米，冠幅广展；老树常有锈褐色气根。树皮深灰色。叶薄革质，狭椭圆形，长4-8厘米，宽3-4厘米，先端钝尖，基部楔形，表面深绿色，干后深褐色，有光泽，全缘，基生叶脉延长，侧脉3-10对；叶柄长5-10毫米，无毛；托叶小，披针形，长约8毫米。榕果成对腋生或生于已落叶枝叶腋，成熟时黄或微红色，扁球形，直径6-8毫米，无总梗，基生苞片3，广卵形，宿存；雄花、雌花、瘿花同生于一榕果内，花间有少许短刚毛；雄花无柄或具柄，散生内壁，花丝与花药等长；雌花与瘿花相似，花被片3，广卵形，花柱近侧生，柱头短，棒形。瘦果卵圆形。花期5-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产台湾、浙江、福建、广东、广西、湖北、贵州、云南。东南亚、日本、巴布亚新几内亚和澳大利亚也有。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 44
Ficus microcarpa Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 442. 1782.
榕树 rong shu | Moraceae | Ficus
Ficus amblyphylla (Miquel) Miquel; F. cairnsii Warburg; F. condaravia Buchanan-Hamilton; F. littoralis Blume; F. microcarpa var. crassifolia (W. C. Shieh) Liao; F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. oluangpiensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. pusillifolia J. C. Liao; F. retusa Linnaeus var. crassifolia W. C. Shieh; F. retusiformis H. Léveillé; F. rubra Roth; Urostigma amblyphyllum Miquel.
Trees, 15-25 m tall, crown wide, d.b.h. to 50 cm. Bark dark gray. Branches producing rust-colored aerial roots when old. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 0.8 cm. Petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 4-8 × 3-4 cm, ± leathery, adaxially dark green and shiny but dark brown when dry, base cuneate, margin entire, apex ± obtuse; basal lateral veins long, secondary veins 3-10 on each side of midvein. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets or on leafless older branchlets, paired, yellow to slightly red when mature, depressed globose, 6-8 mm in diam., inside with a few short bristles among flowers, sessile; involucral bracts broadly ovate, persistent. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered, sessile or pedicellate; filament as long as anther. Gall and female flowers: sepals 3, broadly ovate; style ± lateral; stigma short, clavate. Achenes ovoid. Fl. May-Jun.
Mountains, plains; below 1900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
This species is commonly cultivated in China as a shade tree.
中文名（Chinese Name）：榕树
学名（Scientific Name）：Ficus microcarpa L. f.
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinese banyan
别名（Chinese Common Name）：细叶榕
异名（Synonym）：Ficus retusiformis H. Lév. Ficus cairnsii Warb. Ficus microcarpa var. pusillifolia J. C. Liao Ficus retusa var. crassifolia W. C. Shieh Ficus littoralis Blume Ficus amblyphylla (Miq.) Miq. Ficus microcarpa var. oluangpiensis J. C. Liao Ficus microcarpa var. crassifolia (W. C. Shieh) J. C. Liao Ficus microcarpa var. fuyuensis J. C. Liao Ficus condoravia Buch.-Ham. Urostigma amblyphyllum Miq. Urostigma microcarpum (L. f.) Miq. Ficus aggregata Vahl Ficus dahlii K.Schum. Ficus condaravia Buch.-Ham. Ficus dictyophleba F.Muell. ex Benth. Ficus dilatata Miq. Ficus dyctiophleba F.Muell. ex Miq. Ficus naumannii Engl. Ficus microcarpa f. pubescens Corner Ficus microcarpa var. latifolia (Miq.) Corner Ficus microcarpa var. naumannii (Engl.) Corner Ficus microcarpa var. nitida (King) F.C.Ho Ficus regnans Diels Ficus retusa f. parvifolia Miq. Ficus retusa f. pubescens Miq. Ficus retusa var. pisifera (Miq.) Miq. Ficus thynneana var. minor Domin Ficus thynneana F.M.Bailey Urostigma accedens var. latifolia Miq. Urostigma thonningii Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：桑科（Moraceae）榕属
形态特征（Description）：大乔木，高达15-25米，胸径达50厘米，冠幅广展；老树常有锈褐色气根。树皮深灰色。叶薄革质，狭椭圆形，长4-8厘米，宽3-4厘米，先端钝尖，基部楔形，表面深绿色，干后深褐色，有光泽，全缘，基生叶脉延长，侧脉3-10对；叶柄长5-10毫米，无毛；托叶小，披针形，长约8毫米。榕果成对腋生或生于已落叶枝叶腋，成熟时黄或微红色，扁球形，直径6-8毫米，无总梗，基生苞片3，广卵形，宿存；雄花、雌花、瘿花同生于一榕果内，花间有少许短刚毛；雄花无柄或具柄，散生内壁，花丝与花药等长；雌花与瘿花相似，花被片3，广卵形，花柱近侧生，柱头短，棒形。瘦果卵圆形。花期5-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产台湾、浙江、福建、广东、广西、湖北、贵州、云南。东南亚、日本、巴布亚新几内亚和澳大利亚也有。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 44
Ficus microcarpa Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 442. 1782.
榕树 rong shu | Moraceae | Ficus
Ficus amblyphylla (Miquel) Miquel; F. cairnsii Warburg; F. condaravia Buchanan-Hamilton; F. littoralis Blume; F. microcarpa var. crassifolia (W. C. Shieh) Liao; F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. oluangpiensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. pusillifolia J. C. Liao; F. retusa Linnaeus var. crassifolia W. C. Shieh; F. retusiformis H. Léveillé; F. rubra Roth; Urostigma amblyphyllum Miquel.
Trees, 15-25 m tall, crown wide, d.b.h. to 50 cm. Bark dark gray. Branches producing rust-colored aerial roots when old. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 0.8 cm. Petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 4-8 × 3-4 cm, ± leathery, adaxially dark green and shiny but dark brown when dry, base cuneate, margin entire, apex ± obtuse; basal lateral veins long, secondary veins 3-10 on each side of midvein. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets or on leafless older branchlets, paired, yellow to slightly red when mature, depressed globose, 6-8 mm in diam., inside with a few short bristles among flowers, sessile; involucral bracts broadly ovate, persistent. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered, sessile or pedicellate; filament as long as anther. Gall and female flowers: sepals 3, broadly ovate; style ± lateral; stigma short, clavate. Achenes ovoid. Fl. May-Jun.
Mountains, plains; below 1900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
This species is commonly cultivated in China as a shade tree.
榕树Ficus microcarpa