首页分享碳中和背景下植物净固碳能力研究进展

碳中和背景下植物净固碳能力研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-09-15 06:07

摘要： 植物在调控大气CO2浓度的平衡、提高生态系统固碳储碳能力方面发挥关键作用，且有利于缓解全球变暖趋势。因此，深入了解植物净固碳能力的影响因素，对我国碳达峰和碳中和目标的实现具有重要意义。本文总结并讨论了光合作用固碳途径、凋落物分解的碳释放过程，以及影响植物固碳和CO2、CH4排放因素（水分、温度、CO2浓度、凋落物的添加和去除）的最新进展。结果表明，水分、温度和CO2浓度对植物固碳以及水分和温度对凋落物分解排放CO2的促进作用存在阈值，超过一定范围后，则具有抑制作用；凋落物的去除有利于减少CO2的排放；而凋落物分解排放CH4对以上环境因子的响应未有定论。本文提出加强多个环境因子共同作用对植物全生命周期不同阶段的固碳能力研究，积极开展树木残体、地下凋落物、根系分泌物的碳排放机理及其对环境因子的响应特征研究，以期为提高植物碳汇和碳中和能力提供参考。

关键词: 光合固碳, 凋落物碳排放, 影响因素, 净固碳能力, 碳中和

Abstract: Plants play a key role in regulating the balance of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, improving carbon sequestration capacity and ecosystem carbon stocks, and contributing to the mitigation of global warming. It is therefore of great significance to further understand the factors affecting the net carbon sequestration capacity of plants in order to achieve the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in China. We summarized the recent progresses in carbon fixation pathways in photosynthesis, carbon release processes through litter decomposition, and factors (CO2 concentration, temperature, water content, litter addition and removal) affecting carbon sequestration and carbon release through CO2 and CH4 emissions. The results showed that there was a threshold for the promotion of water, temperature, and CO2 concentration on plant carbon sequestration and the promotion of water and temperature on the CO2 emission from litter decomposition. When the threshold exceeds a certain range, an inhibitory effect exists on the aforementioned process. Litter removal is beneficial to reducing CO2 emission, but the response of CH4 emission through litter decomposition to the above environmental factors has been inconclusive. We propose to strengthen studies on the carbon sequestration ability of plants in different stages of life cycles by the combined action of multiple environmental factors; and on carbon emission mechanisms of tree residues, belowground litter, root exudates, and their responses to environmental factors, which will provide a reference for improving plant carbon sequestration and carbon neutrality.

Key words: photosynthetic carbon sequestration, litter carbon emission, influencing factor, net carbon sequestration capacity, carbon neutralization.