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生物炭对土壤微生物的影响研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-21 11:56

摘要: 生物炭是有机材料在厌氧条件下热解而成的产物。近年来,生物炭因在碳固定、土壤改良和作物产量提高等方面具有较大的应用潜力而引起国内外学者的广泛关注。作为一类新型的土壤改良剂,它能提高土壤有机碳含量及阳离子交换量(CEC),改善土壤保肥持水性能,有益于土壤微生物活动,同时还可吸附抑制对土壤微生物生长有毒的化感物质,为土壤微生物提供有利的栖息场所。但生物炭的效应与生物炭的特性、用量、土壤类型及肥力有关。笔者从生物炭对土壤微生物的影响及其作用机制出发,概述了不同生物质材料及热解温度对生物炭理化性质的影响及生物炭对土壤微生物丰度、群落结构和活性影响的研究进展。未来应重点从生物炭的特性、生物炭与微生物交互作用及生物炭的环境修复等方面深入研究,客观评价生物炭对土壤微生物的作用。

Abstract: Biochar is a product of thermal degradation of organic materials in the absence of air(pyrolysis), and is distinguished from charcoal by its use as a soil amendment. In recent years, biochar has been attracting more and more attention worldwide because of its great potential for carbon sequestration, soil amelioration and higher crop yield. As a new type of soil amendment, biochar can increase soil organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity and soil water-holding capacity, which are beneficial to microbial activity. Moreover, biochar can also adsorb toxic allelopathic substances in soil and provide a favorable habitat for microorganism. But the effects depend on biochar properties, application rates, soil types and soil fertility. Effects of type of parent material and pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties of biochar and effects of the biochars on abundance, community structure and activity of the soil microbes in the soil were generalized. It is recommended that future studies should go further in depth on biochar properties, interaction between biochar and soil microbes and effects of biochar remedying the environment so as to evaluate objectively the effects of biochar amendment on soil microbes.

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