Python：绘制樱花树

这篇文章参考了别人的博客《三月桃花开，用python给你带来你的桃花运，详细解析画一棵表白树》[1]，原文作者：沙漏在下雨，这里简单记录一下学习过程。

这里使用的是 python 的 turtle 模块，如果读者使用的是 Pycharm ，在使用 turtle 时会存在一些问题，可以看我的另一篇博客《Ubuntu：解决PyCharm中turtle模块无法使用的问题》[2]。

目录

一、代码详解

（一）绘制画幕

（二）绘制落花

（三）绘制树枝与花瓣

（四）绘制多棵树

 二、完整代码

（一）完整代码

（二）效果

一、代码详解

（一）绘制画幕

首先绘制画幕，命令说明如下：

screensize(width, height, bg=color)：设置画幕大小及颜色setup(p1, p2)：设置画幕大小，当 p1、p2 为小数时表示屏幕占比；当 p1、p2 为整数时表示像素tracer(speed)：设置绘制速度，speed越大表示绘制速度越快

def get_screen(width, height, color, speed):

screen_obj = turtle.Screen()

screen_obj.screensize(width, height, bg=color)

screen_obj.setup(1.0, 1.0)

screen_obj.tracer(speed)

return screen_obj

' （二）绘制落花

在确定落花数量的情况下，我们首先要评估落花的范围，这里通过两句语句来约束落花的范围（落花数量越多，当然地落花范围也就越大）：

x = flower - 4 * flower * random()

y = 10 - 20 * random()

然后我们来讲讲 turtle 常用的几个命令吧：

首先，我们得明确，对于 turtle 画布来说，其为一个 xOy 的平面，画布中心为原点 O ；对于 turtle 画笔来说，其有一个初始方向，指向 x 轴正方向。

penup()：起笔（可以想象成画画的时候沾墨之后提笔）forward()：向前移动backward()：向后移动left(degree)：逆时针旋转 degree 度right(degree)：顺时针旋转 degree 度pendown()：落笔pencolor(color)：笔墨颜色为 colorcircle(r)：画一个半径为 r 的圆

代码如下：

def draw_petal(turtle_obj, flower):

for i in range(int(flower / 2)):

x = flower - 2 * flower * random()

y = 10 - 20 * random()

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.forward(y)

turtle_obj.left(90)

turtle_obj.forward(x)

turtle_obj.pendown()

turtle_obj.pencolor("lightcoral")

turtle_obj.circle(1)

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.backward(x)

turtle_obj.right(90)

turtle_obj.backward(y)

turtle_obj.pendown()

' （三）绘制树枝与花瓣

 读者会发现，在 drwa_tree 方法中，又出现了两次 drwa_tree 方法，这是一个递归的方法，可以简单理解为一棵树最下面的树枝最少且最粗，越往上树枝数量增加但是变细了。如果读者看不懂如下代码的话，可以查看《Turtle(python)画分形树理解递归》[3]文章。

def draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch, tree_color):

min_branch = 4

if branch > min_branch:

if branch < 8:

if randint(0, 1) == 0:

turtle_obj.pencolor("snow")

else:

turtle_obj.pencolor("lightcoral")

turtle_obj.pensize(branch / 2)

elif 8 <= branch <= 16:

if randint(0, 2) == 0:

turtle_obj.pencolor("snow")

else:

turtle_obj.pencolor("lightcoral")

turtle_obj.pensize(branch / 4)

else:

turtle_obj.pencolor(tree_color)

turtle_obj.pensize(branch / 10)

turtle_obj.forward(branch)

a = 1.5 * random()

turtle_obj.right(20 * a)

b = 1.5 * random()

draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch - 10 * b, tree_color)

turtle_obj.left(40 * a)

draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch - 10 * b, tree_color)

turtle_obj.right(20 * a)

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.backward(branch)

turtle_obj.pendown()

' （四）绘制多棵树

这部分代码的前半部分是用来约束树根的位置的，为了使树可以在图像中显示地较为完成，较大的树根应该更靠近于画幕底端，且不能太靠近两边，其余部分代码就很容易理解了。

def trees(tree_num):

color = ['brown', 'tan', 'black']

for j in range(tree_num):

tree_color = color[randint(0, len(color) - 1)]

pensize = randint(2, 5)

forward = ((-1) ** pensize) * pensize * randint(20, 50)

if pensize <= 3:

backward = ((-1) ** pensize) * (5 - pensize) * randint(10, 15)

else:

backward = pensize * randint(45, 50)

turtle_obj = turtle.Turtle()

turtle_obj.pensize(pensize)

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.forward(forward)

turtle_obj.left(90)

turtle_obj.backward(backward)

turtle_obj.pendown()

turtle_obj.pencolor(tree_color)

branch = pensize * 15

flowers = branch

draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch, tree_color)

draw_petal(turtle_obj, flowers)

'

 二、完整代码

（一）完整代码

给出完整代码：

import turtle

from random import random

from random import randint

def draw_petal(turtle_obj, flower):

for i in range(int(flower)):

x = flower - 4 * flower * random()

y = 10 - 20 * random()

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.forward(y)

turtle_obj.left(90)

turtle_obj.forward(x)

turtle_obj.pendown()

turtle_obj.pencolor("lightcoral")

turtle_obj.circle(1)

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.backward(x)

turtle_obj.right(90)

turtle_obj.backward(y)

turtle_obj.pendown()

def draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch, tree_color):

min_branch = 4

if branch > min_branch:

if branch < 8:

if randint(0, 1) == 0:

turtle_obj.pencolor("snow")

else:

turtle_obj.pencolor("lightcoral")

turtle_obj.pensize(branch / 2)

elif 8 <= branch <= 16:

if randint(0, 2) == 0:

turtle_obj.pencolor("snow")

else:

turtle_obj.pencolor("lightcoral")

turtle_obj.pensize(branch / 4)

else:

turtle_obj.pencolor(tree_color)

turtle_obj.pensize(branch / 10)

turtle_obj.forward(branch)

a = 1.5 * random()

turtle_obj.right(20 * a)

b = 1.5 * random()

draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch - 10 * b, tree_color)

turtle_obj.left(40 * a)

draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch - 10 * b, tree_color)

turtle_obj.right(20 * a)

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.backward(branch)

turtle_obj.pendown()

def get_screen(width, height, color, speed):

screen_obj = turtle.Screen()

screen_obj.screensize(width, height, bg=color)

screen_obj.setup(1.0, 1.0)

screen_obj.tracer(speed)

return screen_obj

def trees(tree_num):

color = ['brown', 'tan', 'black']

for j in range(tree_num):

tree_color = color[randint(0, len(color) - 1)]

pensize = randint(2, 5)

forward = ((-1) ** pensize) * pensize * randint(20, 50)

if pensize <= 3:

backward = ((-1) ** pensize) * (5 - pensize) * randint(10, 15)

else:

backward = pensize * randint(45, 50)

turtle_obj = turtle.Turtle()

turtle_obj.pensize(pensize)

turtle_obj.penup()

turtle_obj.forward(forward)

turtle_obj.left(90)

turtle_obj.backward(backward)

turtle_obj.pendown()

turtle_obj.pencolor(tree_color)

branch = pensize * 15

flowers = branch

draw_tree(turtle_obj, branch, tree_color)

draw_petal(turtle_obj, flowers)

if __name__ == '__main__':

my_screen_width = 800

my_screen_height = 600

my_screen_color = 'wheat'

my_screen_speed = 5

my_screen_obj = get_screen(my_screen_width, my_screen_height,

my_screen_color, my_screen_speed)

my_tree_num = 5

trees(my_tree_num)

my_screen_obj.exitonclick()

（二）效果

整体效果还是挺美的。 

[1] 三月桃花开，用python给你带来你的桃花运，详细解析画一棵表白树！_python桃花程序-CSDN博客

[2] Study：解决PyCharm中turtle模块无法使用的问题_pycharm turtle不能用-CSDN博客

[3] Turtle(python)画分形树理解递归_python分形数-CSDN博客

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