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三花冬青Ilex triflora Bl.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-16 16:46

别名：短梗亮叶冬青;茶果冬青;狗屎粘;小冬青;

科名：冬青科 Aquifoliaceae

属名：冬青属 Ilex

《中国植物志》第45(2)卷053页
39．三花冬青（海南植物志）
Ilex triflora Bl. Bijdr. 1150. 1826; Dietr. Syn. Pl. 1: 555. 1839; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bot. 1 (2): 594. 1859; Loes. in Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 78: 344 (Monog. Aquif. 1: 344) . 1901; Valeton in Med. Dep. Landb. 18: 25 (Koord. et Valeton Bijdr. Booms. Java 13). 1914; Groff. in Lingnan Sci. Bull. 2: 64. 1930; Pitard in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 852. 1912; Tardieu-Blot in Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine Suppl. 1: 719. 1948; S. Y. Hu in Journ. Arn. Arb. 30 (3): 328. 1949;海南植物志2: 432, 1965;中国高等植物图鉴2: 648,图3026. 1972; 贵州植物志2: 337. 1985; 云南植物志4: 230. 1986; 福建植物志3: 263, 图178. 1987; 横断山区维管植物, 上册1086. 1993;湖北植物大全283. 1993. ——Ilex horsfieldii Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 (2): 594. 1865; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. VII, 29 (3) : 21. 1881. ——I. griffithii Hook. f. Fl. Ind. 1: 601. 1875. ——I. lobbiana Rolf in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21: 309. 1884. ——I. triflora Bl. var. horsfieldii (Miq.) Loes. op. cit. 347. 1901; Valeton in Med. Dep. Landb. 18: 27 (Koord. et Valeton Bijdr. Booms. Java13) . 1914; Koord. et Valeton-Atlas Baum. Java fig. 790, F-H. 1928.——I. triflora Bl. var. jatvensis Loes. 1. c.; Valeton op. cit. 25. 1914; Koord. et Valeton op. cit. fig. 790, A-E. 1918.——I. triflora Bl. var. lobbiana (Rolfe) Loes. op. cit. 346. 1901; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 658. 1933. ——I. triflora Bl. var. kurziana Loes. op. cit. 346. 1901. ----I. theicarpa Hand.-Mazz. in Sinensia 3: 188. 1933;四川植物志4: 196. 1988. Syn, nov. ——I. fleuryana Tardieu in Not. Syst. XII, 15: 119. 1945. ——I. leptophylla Fang et Z. M. Tan, 四川大学学报2: 78, 图版5: 1. 1983, 四川植物志4: 197. 1988. ——I. szechwanensis Loes. f. villosa Fang et Z. M. Tan, 1. c. 78; 四川植物志4: 195. 1988, Syn. nov. ——I. viridis var. brevipedicellata Z. M. Tan, 四川大学学报 (自然科学版) 2: 77,图版1. 1983, Syn. nov.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Ilex triflora Blume
三花冬青 san hua dong qing
Shrubs or trees, evergreen, 2-10 m tall. Branchlets zigzag, subquadrangular, ridged, rarely subterete, densely pubescent; leaf scars subcircular, slightly raised; lenticels absent; terminal buds poorly or not developed. Petiole 3-5 mm, densely pubescent, narrowly winged by decurrent leaf base; leaf blade brown or olivaceous when dry, elliptic, oblong, ovate-elliptic, obovate, or oblong-elliptic, 2.5-10 × 1.5-4 cm, subleathery, abaxially sparsely puberulent, punctate, adaxially puberulent or glabrescent, midvein impressed adaxially, densely pubescent on both surfaces, lateral veins 7-10 pairs, slightly distinct or indistinct on both surfaces, reticulate veins obscure, base rounded or obtuse, margin ± undulate, serrate, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 3-4 mm, or apex rounded. Inflorescences: cymes, fasciculate, axillary on current, second, or third year’s branchlets, pubescent; flowers white, 4-merous. Male inflorescences: cymes of order 1 or 2, 1-3-flowered; peduncles ca. 2 mm; pedicels 2-3 mm; bracteoles 2, basal; calyx patelliform, ca. 3 mm in diam., puberulent, deeply 4-lobed, lobes suborbicular, ciliate; corolla ca. 5 mm in diam., petals broadly ovate, basally slightly connate; stamens shorter than petals, anthers yellow, ellipsoidal; rudimentary ovary pyramidal, rostellate, apex cleft. Female inflorescences: 1-flowered cymes; peduncles nearly absent; pedicels 4-14(-18) mm, robust, puberulent; bracteoles 2, median or submedian, ovate; calyx as in male flowers; petals broadly ovate or suborbicular, basally slightly connate; staminodes ca. 1/2 as long as petals, sterile anthers cordate-sagittate; ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm in diam., stigma thickly discoid, shallowly 4-lobed. Fruit black, globose, 4-7 mm in diam.; fruiting pedicel 4-18 mm, puberulent or glabrescent; persistent calyx explanate, ca. 4 mm in diam., sparsely ciliate; persistent stigma thickly discoid; pyrenes 4, ovoid-ellipsoidal, ca. 6 mm, ca. 4 mm in diam., abaxially smooth, 3-striate, not sulcate, endocarp leathery. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Nov.
Forests, forest margins, thickets, shrub forests on mountain slopes and in valleys, forest margins; (100-)200-1800(-2200) m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].