首页分享氯化钙种球浸泡和叶面喷施提高香水百合花期和品质的研究

氯化钙种球浸泡和叶面喷施提高香水百合花期和品质的研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-15 11:36

摘要:

目的研究钙肥施用方式和浓度对香水百合生长初期和开花期内源激素和碳氮营养的动态变化，以期探讨钙对香水百合开花花期和开花品质的影响。

方法以香水百合（Lilium casa blanca）为材料，采用盆栽试验，配置0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6% 5个浓度的CaCl2溶液，采用种球浸泡（在定植前，连续浸泡10 h）和叶面喷施（在生长初期，每隔3 d喷施一次，连续喷施3次）两种方式处理。生长初期、现蕾期、初花期、盛花期和末花期分别取样，测定香水百合在开花进程中钙含量以及碳氮营养和内源激素的的动态变化。开花期测定香水百合开花形态指标（株高、茎粗、蕾长、花径、开花率和开花整齐度）和花期调控指标（开花持续天数、到花日数）。

结果 1）在处理浓度范围内，CaCl2溶液浸泡处理水平与株高、蕾长、花径呈显著正相关，与茎粗呈极显著负相关，而叶面喷施处理的钙水平与株高、茎粗、蕾长和花径均呈极显著正相关。浸泡浓度在1.2%和喷施浓度在1.6%时，开花率较高，而浸泡浓度为0.8%和喷施浓度为1.6%时，开花整齐度高。浸泡与喷施处理浓度均与到花日数和现蕾天数呈极显著负相关，与末花天数和开花持续天数呈极显著正相关。2）在开花时期，低浓度种球浸泡间（0.4%与0.8%处理）百合叶片的钙含量差异不显著，而高浓度种球浸泡（1.6%）和高浓度叶面喷施（1.6%）钙含量开始下降。3）两种处理方式下，CaCl2溶液处理浓度与开花期吲哚乙酸（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）、玉米素（ZR）、玉米素/脱落酸（ZR/ABA）和（吲哚乙酸+赤霉素）/脱落酸（（IAA+GA3）/ABA）呈显著正相关，与ABA、IAA/GA3和IAA/ZR呈显著负相关，采用叶面喷施效果更是达到极显著水平。施钙提高了开花前期百合叶片IAA含量（15.77%~42.93%）、GA3含量（35.57%~65.67%），降低了ABA含量（66.14%~26.27%），使花期提前。施钙处理提高了开花后期ZR含量（46.66%~60.42%），香水百合开花持续天数延长了3~11 d。4）CaCl2浸泡处理的钙水平与百合叶片中可溶性糖呈显著正相关，与可溶性蛋白和总糖/全氮比值相关不显著。CaCl2喷施处理的钙水平与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和总糖/全氮比均呈极显著正相关。种球浸泡和叶面喷湿均可促进开花前中期可溶性糖和淀粉含量的积累，叶面喷施百合盛花期叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量较浸泡处理平均高22.5%，百合花衰老推迟3~5 d。

结论种球浸泡和叶面喷施CaCl2溶液均可提高香水百合开花品质，提前开花期，延长开花持续天数。种球浸泡处理对促进香水百合开花和提高开花品质的效果较好，高浓度种球浸泡（1.6%）可显著提高香水百合的株高、蕾长和花径，低浓度种球浸泡（0.4%）可促使百合开花期提前。叶面喷施CaCl2溶液在提高香水百合开花率，延长开花持续天数上效果明显，中浓度种球浸泡（1.2%）和高浓度叶面喷施（1.6%）更适宜对香水百合开花和花期调节。

关键词: 钙 / 香水百合 / 花期 / 开花品质 / 内源激素 / 碳氮营养

Abstract:

Objectives The experiment was to study the effects of calcium supplemental levels and methods on the dynamics of endogenous hormones and nutrition during the flowering period of Lilium casa blanca, toprovide a cost effective way for high quality of blossom production.

Methods Pot experiments were conducted using Lilium casa blancaas materials. The CaCl2was supplied by soaking bulbs for 10 h before planting and foliar spraying 3 times in interval of 3 days during the initial growing stage. The tested CaCl2levels included 0,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6% for both the supplying ways. The growth and flower shape indicators (plant height, stem diameter, bud length, flower diameter, blossom rate, blossom cleanliness) and the flowering period indicators (days to blossom, flower lasing days) were investigated. The endogenous hormones and carbon andnitrogen nutrient contents during whole flowering phase were analyzed.

Results 1) In bulb soaking treatment,the Ca levels were significantly and positively correlated with the plant height, bud length and flower diameter, butextremely significant and negatively correlated with the stem diameter. In spraying foliar treatment, the Ca levelswere highly significant and positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, bud length and flower diameter.Bulb soaking with 1.2% and foliar spraying with 1.6% of CaCl2had the highest blossom rate, and bulb soakingwith 0.8% and foliar spraying with 1.6% of CaCl2had the highest blossom cleanliness. The CaCl2levels in bothbulk soaking and foliar spraying treatments were extremely significantly negative correlated with the days toflower, days of squaring, and extremely significantly positive correlated with the days to end flowering and the days of blossom. 2) During flowering, the differences in leaf Ca content were significant between Ca level of 0.4% and 0.8% in bulb soaking treatment, and the leaf Ca content declined when the bulbs were soaked in 1.6% or foliarsprayed with 1.6% of CaCl2. 3) In both the bulb soaking and foliar spraying treatments, the contents of IAA, GA3,ZR, ZR/ABA, (IAA + GA3)/ABA were significantly and positively correlated with the CaCl2levels, and those ofABA, IAA/GA3, IAA/ZR were significantly and negatively correlated with CaCl2levels. Calcium supplements improved the contents of IAA (15.77%-42.93%), GA3(35.57%-65.67%) in the early stage of the bloom, anddecreased those of ABA (66.14%-26.27%). As a result, the days to flower were earlier. Calciumsupplements increased the contents of ZR (46.66%-60.42%) in the end stage of the bloom, and as a result, thedays of blossom were prolonged from 3 to 11 days. 4) In bulb soaking treatment, the soluble sugar contents were significantly and positively correlated with CaCl2levels, but the contents of protein, the ratio of total sugarand total N were not significantly correlated. While for foliar spraying treatments, the correlations were allsignificant and positive. Both bulb soaking and foliar spraying of calcium increased the soluble sugar and starchcontents in the early stage of bloom. During full blossom stage, the soluble protein content treated with foliarspraying was 22.5% higher than that treated with bulb soaking, and the flower of Lilium casa blanca lasted3-5days more.

Conclusions Bulk soaking with CaCl2solution has positive effect in increasing the blossom quality of Lilium casa blanca, advancing the days to blossom, and delaying the aging of Lilium casa blanca. Bulbsoaking with 1.6% CaCl2solution will increase plant height, bud length and flower diameter, with the 0.4% CaCl2solution will lead to earlier blossom stage. Foliar spraying of CaCl2solution performs better in increasing theblossom rate and prolonging the blossom days. Generally, bulb soaking with 1.2% and foliar spraying with 1.6%CaCl2solution are recommended for satisfactory flowering of Lilium casa blanca.

图 1 百合第 7 和第 8 片叶内源激素含量随生育期的变化 (ng/g, FW)

Figure 1. Variation of growth regulator contents in the 7th and 8th leaves of Lilium casa blanca with growing stages

图 2 不同生育期百合第 7 和第 8 片叶內源激素比值随生育期的变化

Figure 2. Ratio of growth regulator content in the 7th and 8th leaves of Lilium casa blanca with growing stages

图 3 不同生育期百合第 7 第 8 片叶可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量

Figure 3. Soluble sugar and starch content in the 7th and 8th leaves of Lilium casa blanca in different growing stage

图 4 不同生育期百合第 7 第 8 片叶可溶性蛋白质和全氮含量

Figure 4. Soluble protein and total nitrogen content in the 7th and 8th leaves of Lilium casa blanca in different growing stage

图 5 不同生育期百合第 7 第 8 片叶可溶性糖/可溶性蛋白质以及总糖/全氮比

Figure 5. Ratio of Soluble sugar and Soluble protein，total sugar and Total nitrogen in the 7th and 8th leaves of Lilium casa blanca in different growing stage

表 1 不同施钙处理对香水百合开花品质的影响

Table 1 Flowering quality of Lilium casa blanca under the different Ca treatment

处理号
Treatment 株高 (cm)
Plant height 茎粗 (cm)
Stem diameter 蕾长 (cm)
Bud length 花径 (cm)
Flower diameter 开花率
Blossom rate 开花整齐度
Blossom cleanliness S0 42.25 ± 0.94 d 0.89 ± 0.02 a 8.68 ± 0.29 c 12.60 ± 0.22 d 0.904 10.05 S0.4 48.78 ± 1.29 c 0.90 ± 0.01 a 9.49 ± 1.22 bc 16.71 ± 0.20 c 0.919 6.94 S0.8 53.25 ± 1.71 ab 0.87 ± 0.03 a 10.61 ± 0.83 ab 17.74 ± 0.17 b 0.948 6.51 S1.2 54.75 ± 0.99 a 0.78 ± 0.06 b 11.30 ± 0.78 a 18.59 ± 0.37 a 0.963 7.12 S1.6 52.60 ± 0.41 b 0.72 ± 0.04 b 9.90 ± 0.7 abc 17.56 ± 0.36 b 0.919 7.62 F0 43.83 ± 1.11 d 0.85 ± 0.02 b 8.71 ± 1.28 b 12.27 ± 0.54 c 0.911 10.19 F0.4 47.72 ± 0.91 c 0.92 ± 0.03 b 9.06 ± 0.59 ab 16.82 ± 0.17 b 0.963 8.04 F0.8 50.41 ± 1.30 b 0.90 ± 0.06 b 9.46 ± 0.22 ab 17.10 ± 0.24 b 0.978 7.75 F1.2 51.66 ± 1.75 b 0.94 ± 0.07 b 9.82 ± 0.28 ab 17.41 ± 0.76 b 0.985 7.14 F1.6 55.60 ± 0.78 a 1.04 ± 0.06 a 10.16 ± 0.26 a 18.36 ± 0.51 a 0.993 6.46 　注(Note)：图中数据为平均值 ± 标准差 The data in the table are mean + SE. S0～S1.6 表示种球在 CaCl2 浓度为 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% 的溶液中浸泡；F0～F1.6 表示 CaCl2 喷湿浓度为 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6%；S0-S1.6 and F0-F1.6 mean bulk soaking and foliar spraying treatment with the CaCl2 levels of 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% in turn; 数据后不同小写字母表示同一处理方式不同浓度间差异显著 (P < 0.05) Values followed by different small letters indicate significant difference among treatment concentration under the same treatment way (P < 0.05).

表 2 不同施钙处理对香水百合花期的影响

Table 2 Effects of flowering regulation of Lilium casa blanca under the different Ca treatment

处理号
Treatment 现蕾期(d/m)
Squaring stage 初花期(d/m)
Early flowing stage 盛花期(d/m)
Blooming stage 末花期(d/m)
Ending flowing 到花日数 (d)
Days to flower 开花持续天数 (d)
The days of blossom S0 14/6 5/7 12/7 15/7 84 a 10 d S0.4 12/6 1/7 10/7 14/7 80 b 13 c S0.8 9/6 26/6 9/7 14/7 75 c 18 b S1.2 5/6 24/6 7/7 15/7 73 c 21 a S1.6 11/6 29/6 9/7 13/7 78 b 14 c F0 15/6 5/7 11/7 14/7 84 a 9 c F0.4 14/6 3/7 9/7 15/7 82 a 12 b F0.8 12/6 30/6 7/7 13/7 79 b 13 b F1.2 9/6 27/6 7/7 14/7 76 c 17 a F1.6 4/6 24/6 5/7 13/7 73 d 19 a 　注(Note)：S0～S1.6 表示种球在 CaCl2 浓度为 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% 的溶液中浸泡；F0～F1.6 表示 CaCl2 喷湿浓度为 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6%；S0-S1.6 and F0-F1.6 mean bulk soaking and foliar spraying treatment with the CaCl2 levels of 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% in turn; 数据后不同小写字母表示同一处理方式不同浓度间差异显著 (P < 0.05) Values followed by different small letters indicate significant difference among treatment concentration under the same treatment way (P < 0.05).

表 3 不同生育期百合第 7～8 片叶内 Ca 含量的变化 (mg/g, FW)

Table 3 Variation of Ca content in the 7th and 8th leaves of Lilium casa blanca

处理
Treatment 生长初期
Initial growing 现蕾期
Squaring stage 初花期
Early flowing 盛花期
Blooming stage 末花期
Ending flowing S0 0.42 ± 0.02 c 0.81 ± 0.02 d 1.10 ± 0.02 e 1.35 ± 0.01 d 1.51 ± 0.01 e S0.4 0.55 ± 0.03 a 1.08 ± 0.03 b 1.28 ± 0.03 c 1.51 ± 0.03 c 2.03 ± 0.04 c S0.8 0.57 ± 0.01 a 1.11 ± 0.02 b 1.36 ± 0.03 b 1.57 ± 0.03 b 2.13 ± 0.02 b S1.2 0.59 ± 0.03 a 1.24 ± 0.01 a 1.49 ± 0.05 a 1.71 ± 0.05 a 2.19 ± 0.02 a S1.6 0.51 ± 0.02 b 1.01 ± 0.03 c 1.19 ± 0.01 d 1.46 ± 0.02 c 1.91 ± 0.03 d F0 0.41 ± 0.01 d 0.79 ± 0.02 e 1.08 ± 0.02 d 1.31 ± 0.03 e 1.41 ± 0.02 e F0.4 0.55 ± 0.01 bc 1.08 ± 0.03 c 1.31 ± 0.02 b 1.97 ± 0.02 c 2.20 ± 0.02 c F0.8 0.59 ± 0.04 b 1.22 ± 0.05 b 1.41 ± 0.03 a 2.10 ± 0.01 b 2.29 ± 0.03 b F1.2 0.67 ± 0.03 a 1.29 ± 0.01 a 1.45 ± 0.04 a 2.29 ± 0.05 a 2.36 ± 0.04 a F1.6 0.53 ± 0.03 c 0.98 ± 0.02 d 1.21 ± 0.02 c 1.78 ± 0.04 d 1.99 ± 0.02 d 　注(Note)：图中数据为平均值 ± 标准差 The data in the table are mean + SE. S0～S1.6 表示种球在 CaCl2 浓度为 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% 的溶液中浸泡；F0～F1.6 表示 CaCl2 喷湿浓度为 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6%；S0-S1.6 and F0-F1.6 mean bulk soaking and foliar spraying treatment with the CaCl2 levels of 0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6% in turn; 数据后不同小写字母表示同一处理方式不同浓度间差异显著 (P < 0.05) Values followed by different small letters indicate significant difference among treatment concentration under the same treatment way (P < 0.05). [1] 王书丽, 马文奇. 钙对东方百合生长和开花的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2006, 29(3):17-21. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CULT200603004.htm

Wang S L, Ma W Q. Effects of calcium on the growth and quality of oriental lily[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2006, 29(3):17-21. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CULT200603004.htm

[2] 唐宽强, 刘守伟, 吴凤芝, 等. 外源喷施CaCl2对低温逆境下番茄抗冷性及开花结果的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2013, (11):10-14. http://www.baidu.com/link?url=uE_x_823tsEvLuNC-MW2e1C6xHypkzGSqvTgXPU1S3lwa-pbg4zWZkrVmxSESLb0mHariqtGQxe8oNP5r35ydFiyYK9eBOp8DHTCF0iRJU14ld5-ZRBz8V1e-dNaxbPyH98cMPox1p16J6SA1YGIMzJG81vCBVmqz3Ms_G8MV71jr-Y3yDmjhmbq8TiJ6MRVGbcCrYKF7JLb-AleyUranepgYA83RDja2ob5Uq3CtmW5jnHUfcedV244OBKldu_FYYEomumy2ToEntsAP2O03dlGOTqCAAqCFrmf67MSZ2F5RR3PulaJVoeLRb_-_ICENcLCjVH-EWs-a8DNYVKKjgXZ80gHh5efLf8mpUKEYkdvQUbVE4R0rp-5ZZhHgORc-4nxfAZmk7-ClrbONcHSJm3Vp7Ke2NWXAs9FnN_BmdYfvnnXg553kz7DGyQtrmtEqdAlyGLZLt4Bfgah21nhM4zrcOoyOlMY1IkBm_r_SvHyGOJoYzqB7ZURkRXRrMaWI3Fe-vR_84l3Dy0-Q0Vcl_&wd=&eqid=b73101ff00026dfe0000000558aab4d2

Tang K Q, Liu S W, Wu F Z, et al. Effects of exogenous CaCl2 on the cold resistance and blossom and yield of tomato under cold stress[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2013, (11):10-14. http://www.baidu.com/link?url=uE_x_823tsEvLuNC-MW2e1C6xHypkzGSqvTgXPU1S3lwa-pbg4zWZkrVmxSESLb0mHariqtGQxe8oNP5r35ydFiyYK9eBOp8DHTCF0iRJU14ld5-ZRBz8V1e-dNaxbPyH98cMPox1p16J6SA1YGIMzJG81vCBVmqz3Ms_G8MV71jr-Y3yDmjhmbq8TiJ6MRVGbcCrYKF7JLb-AleyUranepgYA83RDja2ob5Uq3CtmW5jnHUfcedV244OBKldu_FYYEomumy2ToEntsAP2O03dlGOTqCAAqCFrmf67MSZ2F5RR3PulaJVoeLRb_-_ICENcLCjVH-EWs-a8DNYVKKjgXZ80gHh5efLf8mpUKEYkdvQUbVE4R0rp-5ZZhHgORc-4nxfAZmk7-ClrbONcHSJm3Vp7Ke2NWXAs9FnN_BmdYfvnnXg553kz7DGyQtrmtEqdAlyGLZLt4Bfgah21nhM4zrcOoyOlMY1IkBm_r_SvHyGOJoYzqB7ZURkRXRrMaWI3Fe-vR_84l3Dy0-Q0Vcl_&wd=&eqid=b73101ff00026dfe0000000558aab4d2

[3]

Rudd J J, Franklin-Tong V E. Calcium signaling in plants[J]. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 1999, 55:214-232. DOI: 10.1007/s000180050286

[4] 张圣旺. 钙素对牡丹花衰老调控效应的研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学硕士学位论文, 2002.

Zhang S W. Effects of calcium on senescence in petals of tree peony[D]. Tai'an:MS Thesis of Shandong Agricultural University, 2002.

[5] 傅永福, 孟繁静. 植物的成花生理信号[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 1998, 3(3):1-11. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYDX199803000.htm

Fu Y F, Meng F J. Flowering physiological signals in plant[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 1998, 3(3):1-11. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYDX199803000.htm

[6]

Evensen K B. Effects of calcium on ethylene and ethane production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in potato discs[J]. Physiologia Plantarum, 1984, 60:128-132.

[7] 张少帅. 外源甜菜碱和钙离子对菊花生理和形态的影响[D]. 新乡:河南师范大学硕士学位论文, 2012.

Zhang S S. Exogenous betaine and calcium on the physiological and morphological characteristics of the chrysanthemum[D]. Xinxiang:MS Thesis of Henan Normal University, 2012.

[8] 陈丽璇, 陈丽虹, 庄荣福, 等. 田间喷钙对草莓果实和叶片营养元素含量的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2003, 30(4):449-451. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB200304018.htm

Chen L X, Chen L H, Zhuang R F. Effects of calcium spray on nutrient element contents in fruit and leaf of strawberry[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2003, 30(4):449-451. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB200304018.htm

[9] 孔海燕, 贾桂霞, 温跃戈. 钙在植物花发育过程中的作用[J]. 植物学通报, 2003, 20(2):168-177. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWXT200302005.htm

Kong H Y, Jia G X, Wen Y G. The role of calcium in flower development[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2003, 20(2):168-177. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWXT200302005.htm

[10] 董彩霞, 周健民, 范晓辉, 等. 不同施钙措施对番茄果实钙含量和钙形态的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 10(1):91-95. http://manu30.magtech.com.cn/zwyy/CN/abstract/abstract685.shtml

Dong C X, Zhou J M, Fan X H, et al. Effects of different ways of Ca supplements on the Ca content and forms in mature fruits of tomato[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2004, 10(1):91-95. http://manu30.magtech.com.cn/zwyy/CN/abstract/abstract685.shtml

[11] 李美宁, 危常州, 朱齐超, 等. 不同施钙措施对加工番茄脐腐病发生率及产量品质的影响[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 31(2):133-136. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHZN201302002.htm

Li M N, Wei C Z, Zhu Q C, et al. Effects of different Ca sources on blossom-end rot incidence, yield and quality of processing tomato[J]. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science), 2013, 31(2):133-136. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHZN201302002.htm

[12] 彭桂群, 王力华. 平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片内源激素的变化[J]. 植物研究, 2006, 26(2):206-210. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MBZW200602017.htm

Peng G Q, Wang L H. Quantitative variation of endogenous hormones in Rosa rugosa leaf during flower bud differentiation[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2006, 26(2):206-210. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MBZW200602017.htm

[13] 赵家昱, 潘远智, 李永红. 外源ABA对叶子花开花及内源ABA合成关键酶的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2014, 41(10):2085-2093. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB201410017.htm

Zhao J Y, Pan Y Z, Li Y H. Effects of abscisic acid on flowering and some key enzymes of bougainvillea glabra[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2014, 41(10):2085-2093. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB201410017.htm

[14] 袁媛. 栽植期与遮荫对野生大百合成花过程生理变化及开花期性状的影响[D]. 成都:四川农业大学硕士学位论文, 2007.

Yuan Y. Effects of different planting date and shading on the physiological change in flower formation and characteristics in florescence of Cardiocrinum Giganteum[D]. Chengdu:MS Thesis of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2007.

[15] 沈革志, 杨红娟, 张永春. 百合不同品种的花芽分化观察及切花评价[J]. 上海农业学报, 1999, 15(2):65-69. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHLB199902012.htm

Shen G Z, Yang H J, Zhang Y C, et al. Observation of flower bud differentiation and evaluation of cut flowers of different lily(Lilium) cultivars[J] Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 1999, 15(2):65-69. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHLB199902012.htm

[16] 熊庆娥. 植物生理学实验教程[M]. 成都:四川科学技术出版社, 2003.

Xiong Q E. Plant physiology[M]. Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 2003.

[17] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.

Bao S D. Soil agro-chemistrical analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.

[18] 曾庆钱, 陈厚彬, 鲁才浩, 等. HPLC测定荔枝不同器官中内源激素流程的优化[J]. 果树学报, 2006, 23(1):145-148. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSKK200601036.htm

Zheng Q Q, Chen H B, Lu C H, et al. An optimized HPLC procedure for analyzing endogenous hormones in different organs of litchi[J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2006, 23(1):145-148. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSKK200601036.htm

[19] 介晓磊, 刘世亮, 李有田, 等. 不同浓度钙营养液对烟草矿质营养吸收与积累的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2005, 36(4):560-563. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRTB200504021.htm

Jie X L, Liu S L, Li Y T, et al. Effect of Ca2+ concentrations on absorption and accumulation of mineral nutrients in tobacco[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2005, 36(4):560-563. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRTB200504021.htm

[20] 范双喜, 伊东正. 钙素对叶用莴苣营养吸收和生长发育的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2002, 29(2):149-152. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB200202012.htm

Fan S X, Ito Tadashi. Effects of calcium on nutrient absorption and growth and development of Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam. in nutrient film technique culture[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2002, 29(2):149-152. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB200202012.htm

[21]

Marschner H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants[M]. London:Academic Press, 1995:285-299.

[22]

Murillo-Amador B, Jones H G, Kaya C. Effects of foliar application of calcium nitrate on growth and physiological attributes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) grown under salt stress[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2006, 58:188-196. DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.08.003

[23] 张天志, 郑伟尉, 邵晓岚等. 采前钙处理对猕猴桃果实和叶片营养元素含量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2014, 26(4):966-970. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJNB201404023.htm

Zhang T Z, Zheng W W, Shao X L, et al. Effects of preharvest calcium treatments on nutrients contents in fruits and leaves of kiwifruit[J]. Acata Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2014, 26(4):966-970. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJNB201404023.htm

[24] 赵莉, 潘远智, 朱峤. GA3、IBA和6-BA对香水百合开花特性及内源激素的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2012, 51(7):1385-1389. http://www.baidu.com/link?url=oPkLOeFUF6SuyKNqA0zd0eamo4R7gG8yf-gAB7cdtscJUcQMdJcbdQxDYMh1b6DIjZoAEnTJXSQBYXp567wf35aPzorphrW9smxq7nKv4b-RqTWe_vl4m_VJHfzJyC3yZadXQcZ9a-oci8lRntfhu1rRfPiwfINFKLjvB5YuA0nroZboPqZHFtsahS04OnKgBGPZc9lzuUww-qKWVaQsHaKWNzad0dw99REUQK_9xqxhJ-Rbk5Xxld7IgwYW65CpSHdPC0w9Hre_FH00qOXH3ihCR8lcCfHNVOCzjvfW0gZIV7hKF3EQ9tnRJwtrWsNWdfH1B1pJxPA25NK6nfNu9vklX8-3_W9COAHESoaIV3RDnNDqWPFyc2x8JV-uOveLtzbOADLctEt0gIrwGXqnGWZKTC4bCry0gLfbSjlSp69-drhXCpoK69FZJxbPpsSMQ0CdVUbeSBVhiyea0Po7V47tIUil0GyaO7rjx-YIoPy&wd=&eqid=f0fb3a88000293a10000000558aab534

Zhao L, Pan Y Z, Zhu Q.Effects of 6-BA, GA3 and IBA on flowering and endogenous horomone content of Lilium casa blanca[J]. Hubei Agricultural sciences. 2012. 51(7):1385-1389. http://www.baidu.com/link?url=oPkLOeFUF6SuyKNqA0zd0eamo4R7gG8yf-gAB7cdtscJUcQMdJcbdQxDYMh1b6DIjZoAEnTJXSQBYXp567wf35aPzorphrW9smxq7nKv4b-RqTWe_vl4m_VJHfzJyC3yZadXQcZ9a-oci8lRntfhu1rRfPiwfINFKLjvB5YuA0nroZboPqZHFtsahS04OnKgBGPZc9lzuUww-qKWVaQsHaKWNzad0dw99REUQK_9xqxhJ-Rbk5Xxld7IgwYW65CpSHdPC0w9Hre_FH00qOXH3ihCR8lcCfHNVOCzjvfW0gZIV7hKF3EQ9tnRJwtrWsNWdfH1B1pJxPA25NK6nfNu9vklX8-3_W9COAHESoaIV3RDnNDqWPFyc2x8JV-uOveLtzbOADLctEt0gIrwGXqnGWZKTC4bCry0gLfbSjlSp69-drhXCpoK69FZJxbPpsSMQ0CdVUbeSBVhiyea0Po7V47tIUil0GyaO7rjx-YIoPy&wd=&eqid=f0fb3a88000293a10000000558aab534

[25] 李宁毅, 于洋, 付印东, 等. S3307浸球对盆栽百合生长和内源激素含量的影响[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2007, 43(1):104-106. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSL200701023.htm

Li N Y, Yu Y, Fu Y D, et al. Effects of bulb soaking with S3307 on growth and endogenous hormone contents of potting lily (Lilium brownii F. E. Brown Asiatic hybrids)[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 2007, 43(1):104-106. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSL200701023.htm

[26]

Guinn G, Brumett D L. Fruiting of cotton IV. Nitrogen, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid[J]. Field Crops Research, 1989, 22(4):257-266. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4290(89)90026-9

[27] 李秉真, 孙庆林, 张建华, 等. 苹果梨花芽分化期内源激素含量的变化[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2000, 36(1):27-29. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSL200001007.htm

Li B Z, Sun Q L, Zhang J H, et al. The changes of endogenous hormones in apple-pear during flower bud formation[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 2000, 36(1):27-29. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSL200001007.htm

[28] 谢丽娟, 孙敏, 赵梁军, 等. 毛棉杜鹃芽形态分化期间封顶叶内源激素含量变化的研究[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2010, 15(4):33-38. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYDX201004008.htm

Xie L J, Sun M, Zhao L J, et al. Quantitative variation of endogenous hormones in leaf under buds of Rhododendron moulmainense Hook f. during buds morphological differentiation[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2010, 15(4):33-38. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYDX201004008.htm

[29] 王磊, 汤庚国, 刘彤. 石蒜花芽分化期内源激素和核酸含量的变化[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 32(4):67-70. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJLY200804018.htm

Wang L, Tang G G, Liu T. Variation of endogenous hormone and nucleic acid content during flower bud differentiation in Lycoris radiate[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2008, 32(4):67-70. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJLY200804018.htm

[30] 覃喜军, 黄夕洋, 蒋水元, 等. 罗汉果花芽分化过程中内源激素的变化[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2010, 46(9):939-942. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSL201009014.htm

Qin X J, Huang X Y, Jiang S Y, et al. Changes in endogenous hormones during floral bud differentiation of Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle)C. Jeffrey[J]. Plant Physiology Communications, 2010, 46(9):939-942. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSL201009014.htm

[31] 吴月燕, 李波, 朱平, 等. 植物生长调节剂对西洋杜鹃花期及内源激素的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2011, 38(8):1565-1571. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB201108025.htm

Wu Y Y, Li B, Zhu P, et al. Effects of plant growth regulator on flowering and endogenous hormones of Rhododendron hybridum[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2011, 38(8):1565-1571. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYXB201108025.htm

[32] 张万萍, 史继孔. 银杏雄花芽分化期间内源激素、碳水化合物和矿质营养含量的变化[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40(2):51-54. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LYKE200402008.htm

Zhang W P, Shi J K. Changes of endogenous hormones, carbohydrate and mineral nutrition during the differentiation of male flower buds in ginkgo biloba[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(2):51-54. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LYKE200402008.htm

[33] 梁芳, 郑成淑, 张翠华, 孙庆春. 菊花花芽分化过程中芽和叶片碳水化合物含量的变化[J]. 山东农业科学, 2008, (1):40-42. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AGRI200801012.htm

Liang F, Zheng C S, Zhang C H, Sun Q C. Change of carbohydrate content in buds and leaves of chrysanthemum during floral differentiation[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2008, (1):40-42. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AGRI200801012.htm

[34] 常钟阳, 张金政, 孙国峰等. 德国鸢尾'常春黄'花芽分化的形态观察及两种代谢产物的动态变化[J]. 植物研究, 2008, 28(6):741-745. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MBZW200806019.htm

Chang Z Y, Zhang J Z, Sun G F, et al. Morphological studies and changes of two metabolites content during floral bud differentiation period in Iris germanica cv. Lovely Again[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2008, 28(6):741-745. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MBZW200806019.htm

[35] 王小红, 周祖基. 水竹开花期间碳氮代谢特性[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(4):35-40. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LYKE200804009.htm

Wang X H, Zhou Z J. Characteristics of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of Phyllostachys heteroclada at flowering stage[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(4):35-40. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LYKE200804009.htm