外来生物福寿螺入侵机制初步分析

外来生物福寿螺入侵机制初步分析-生态学专业论文

AbstractPomaceacanaliculata(Lamarck)isanaquaticanimalthatjeopardizesriceandvegetablesin ChinaandotherAsiancountriesandconsideredtobeanimportantpest.ItoriginatedfromSouth America,theAmazon Riverbasin,andhasinvadedtoChinainthepast20years.Inthispaper,we studiedthetoleranceofP.canaliculatainthehighandlowtemperature,orunderstarvation conditions.Wealsocomparedthetemperature-resistantofP.canaliculatain5different geographicalpopulationsforrevealingtheirstrongadaptiveevolution.Inaddition,through analyzingthegenomicconsensussequenceofP.canaliculata,apreliminarystudyofthegenetic relationshipofP.canaliculataandotherrelatedspecieswasmadetoidentify itshistorical developmentandevolutionposition.Atthesametime,weusedISSR-PCRforgeneticdiversity researchindifferentgeographicalpopulations,layingthefoundationforthecontrolstrategy.The results were the followings:P.canaliculatahadstrongresistances,contained awiderangeofthetemperaturetolerance andhighly-resistantabilitytostarvation.Theheatstresswhichexceedtotheappropriategrowth temperature had significantimpacts on the specialgrowth rate, feeding rate and survival rate. Each ofthemdecreasedwiththeincreasingtemperature.P.canaliculatahadstronghightemperaturetolerance,andtherewasstill50%survivalrateat36℃for21daysandtheaveragesurvivaltimeat42℃was2.57days.However,P.canaliculatagrewslowlyatlowtemperatureandthespecial growthrate,feedingrateandsurvivalratewerealldecreasedwiththedecreasingtemperature.P. canaliculatawassensitivetolowtemperature.Exposure at 6℃for7dayscaused100%mortalityandthemedianlethaltime(LT50)was4days.Theeggincubationisalsocloselyrelatedto temperature.At15℃,theembryoinsidetheeggstoppedthedevelopmentandwouldnotincubatenormally.Withtemperatureincreasing,theincubatedurationbecameshorterandhatchingrate increased.Butat40℃,thetemperaturewastoohightodrytheeggsshrunkandcausethedeath ofeggs. P. canaliculata also had a strong resistance againststarvation.Itwasable to survival for3monthsatthelongestwithoutanyfoodintake.Itsaveragedurationoft

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