基于GIS的锡林郭勒草地资源监测系统研究

论文题目：基于

GIS

的锡林郭勒草地资源监测系统研究

专

业：地图学与地理信息系统

硕

士

生：任

鹏

（签名）

指导教师：贾建华

（签名）

摘要

锡林郭勒草地不仅是我国畜牧业的生产基地，也是生态安全屏障保护和牧民生活文

化传承的基础。但是，长期以来草地资源普遍存在着乱开滥垦、过度放牧等现象，草地

生态环境问题日渐突出，因此，对于合理开发利用草地资源、保护草地生态系统而言，

实现锡林郭勒盟草地资源的监测具有重要的现实意义。

利用地理信息系统（

GIS

）和遥感（

RS

）技术，通过地面实测数据和卫星影像数据

建立锡林郭勒盟草地资源的监测模型，为草原科学定量化分析奠定了基础。本文综合应

用

GIS

和

RS

技术，从锡林郭勒盟草地产草量、载畜压力指数、土地利用变化动态度以

及土壤风蚀危险度的角度研究设计了基于

GIS

的草地资源监测系统。本研究根据草地产

草量、载畜压力指数、动态度、土壤风蚀危险度理论，建立了各监测指标的算法流程，

分别计算了锡林郭勒盟各旗县的草地产草量、载畜压力指数、土地利用动态度以及土壤

风蚀危险度。并从当前草地监测与草业发展的需求出发，设计开发了基于

GIS

的草地资

源监测系统，将数据处理、数据计算、数据存储进行有效整合，嵌入到统一的监测系统

中。

通过锡林郭勒草地资源监测系统对该区域进行监测，根据监测结果可掌握锡林郭勒

盟的草地产草量，锡林郭勒盟未超载、超载、严重超载地区的分布，土地利用的转变以

及该地区土壤风蚀危险度的等级。

本系统的建立改善了传统的监测手段，缩短了周期，提高了监测效率，并使监测结

果得到了良好的可视化表达，用户可由此掌握被测地区的监测指标水平并判断该地草地

生态系统的状况。

关 键 词：

ArcGIS Engine

；产草量；载畜压力；土地利用动态度；土壤风蚀危险度

研究类型：

应用研究

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Subject

: Research on the monitoring system of Xilin Gol grassland

resource based on GIS

Specialty

: Cartography and Geographic Information System

Name

: Ren Peng (Signature)

Instructor: Jia Jianhua (Signature)

ABSTRACT

Xilin Gol Grassland is the production base of the animal husbandry in China, being the

protection of ecological security and the basis of herdsman culture. However, the ecological

problem of grassland became serious along the excess reclamation. Therefore, the monitoring

of the grassland resource in Xilin Gol is profound for the rational utilization and conservation

of grassland ecosystem.

With the survey data and image data, the foundation for the quantification research of

grassland science was established, by modeling the monitoring of the grassland resource in

Xilin Gol, via the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). A

monitoring system of grassland resource based on GIS was developed from the perspectives

of the grass yield, the index of stocking pressure, the dynamic degree of land use and the wind

erosion hazard in Xilin Gol, applying the GIS and RS.

The algorithm of each monitoring index was established to calculate the grass yield, the

index of stocking pressure, the dynamic degree of land use and the wind erosion hazard in

Xilin Gol, on the basis of the corresponding theory. Considering the requirement of grassland

monitoring and development, a monitoring system of grassland resource based on GIS was

designed and developed, in which the data processing, calculation and storage were

integrated.

The grassland in Xilin Gol was monitored by the monitoring system. Results showed the

grass yield, the distribution of non-overloading and overloading areas, the transformation of

land utilization and the level of the wind erosion hazard.

This system advanced the monitoring approach, which shorten the monitoring period,

improved the efficiency and visualized the monitoring results. Via this monitoring system, the

levels of monitoring indexes could be judged and the grassland ecosystem could be evaluated.

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