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不同性别芦笋、天冬花发育形态解剖学比较研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-11 08:11

图 1 芦笋、天冬两性株发育特征比较

注：a)、b)和 c)分别为芦笋两性株花期、挂果期和种子特征；d)，e)和 f )分别为天冬两性株花期、挂果期和种子特征。

Figure 1. Comparison of the developmental characteristics of A. officinalis and A. cochinchinensis andromonoecious plant

Note: a), b) and c) is the flowering period, fruiting period and seed characteristics of the A. officinalis andromonoecious plant; d), e) and f ) is the flowering period, fruiting period and seed characteristics of the A. cochinchinensis andromonoecious plant.

图 2 芦笋、天冬雌、雄、两性花部结构比较

注：a)、b)和c)分别为芦笋雌、雄和两性花；d)、e)和f )分别为天冬雌、雄和两性花。t. 花被片；st. 柱头；ov. 子房；s. 雄蕊；ds. 退化的雄蕊。

Figure 2. Comparison of the structures of female, male, and bisexual flower in A. officinalis and A. cochinchinensis

Note: a), b) and c) are A. officinalis female, male and bisexual flowers, respectively; d), e) and f ) are A. cochinchinensis female, male and bisexual flowers. t. tepal; st. stigma; ov. ovary; s. stamen; ds. degenerate stamen.

图 3 芦笋雌、雄、两性花蕾6个时期横、纵切面解剖图

注：Fc-1~Fc-6分别为雌花发育时期1~6横切面；Fl-1~Fl-6分别为雌花发育时期1~6纵切面；Bc-1~Bc-6分别为两性花发育时期1~6横切面；Bl-1~Bl-6分别为两性花发育时期1~6纵切面；Mc-1~Mc-6分别为雄花发育时期1~6横切面；Ml-1~Ml-6分别为雄花发育时期1~6纵切面(时期1~2放大倍数100×，时期3~6放大倍数70×)，标尺长度为1 mm。t. 花被片；o. 胚珠；f. 珠柄；m. 珠孔；i. 珠被；n. 珠心；ch. 合点；an. 花药；st. 柱头。

Figure 3. Assorted cross section and longitudinal section of A. officinalis female, male and bisexual flower buds in six stages

Note: Fc-1 to Fc-6 corresponding to the cross section of the 1-6 stages of female flower buds, respectively; Fl-1 to Fl-6 corresponding to the longitudinal section of the 1-6 stages of female flower buds, respectively; Bc-1 to Bc-6 corresponding to the cross section of the 1-6 stages of bisexual flower buds, respectively; Bl-1 to Bl-6 corresponding to the longitudinal section of the 1-6 stages of bisexual flower buds, respectively; Mc-1 to Mc-6 corresponding to the cross section of the 1-6 stages of bisexual flower buds, respectively; Ml-1 to Ml-6 corresponding to the longitudinal section of the 1-6 stages of male flower buds, respectively; (stage 1-2 magnification 100×, stage 3-6 magnification 70×). The bar is 1 mm. t. tepal; o. ovule; f. funicle; m. micropyle; i. integument; n. nucellus; ch. chalaza; an. anther; st. stigma.

图 4 败育的芦笋花花药、柱头特征

注：a)为雌花时期2的败育花药结构(500×)；b)为对应的雄花时期2的花药结构(500×)；c)为雄花时期3的败育柱头结构(300×)；d)为对应雌花时期3的子房、柱头特征(300×)。

Figure 4. Characteristics of abortive anther and stigma in A. officinalis flowers

Note: a) is the abortive anther structure of female flower in stage 2 (500×); b) is the anther structure of the corresponding male flower stage 2 (500×); c) is the abortive stigma structure of male flower in stage 3 (300×); d) is the stigma structure of the corresponding female flower stage 3 (300×).

图 5 天冬花发育早、晚两个时期花蕾横、纵切面解剖图

注：Fc-1、Fc-2分别对应雌花发育早期、晚期横切面；Fl-1、Fl-2分别对应雌花发育早期、晚期纵切面；Bc-1、Bc-2分别对应两性花发育早期、晚期横切面；Bl-1、Bl-2分别对应两性花发育早期、晚期纵切面；Mc-1、Mc-2分别对应雄花发育早、晚期横切面；Ml-1、Ml-2分别对应雄花发育早、晚期纵切面，标尺长度为1 mm (100×)。t. 花被片；o. 胚珠，f. 珠柄；m. 珠孔；i. 珠被；n. 珠心；ch. 合点；an. 花药；st. 柱头。

Figure 5. Assorted cross-section and longitudinal section of A. cochinchinensis female, male and bisexual flower buds in early and late development stages

Note: Fc-1, Fc-2corresponding to the cross section of the early and late stages of female flower, respectively; Fl-1, Fl-2corresponding to the longitudinal section of the early and late stages of female flower, respectively; Bc-1, Bc-2 corresponding to the cross section of the early and late stages of bisexual flower, respectively; Bl-1, Bl-2 corresponding to the longitudinal section of the early and late stages of bisexual flower, respectively; Mc-1, Mc-2 corresponding to the cross section of the early and late stages of male flower, respectively; Ml-1，Ml-2 corresponding to the longitudinal section of the early and late stages of male flower, respectively. The bar is 1 mm (100×). t. tepal; o. ovule; f. funicle; m. micropyle; i. integument; n. nucellus; ch. chalaza; an. anther; st. stigma.

图 6 败育的天冬花花药、柱头特征

注：a)为雌花败育的花药结构(500×)；b)为对应雄花正常的花药结构(600×)；c)为雄花败育的柱头结构(300×)；d)为对应雌花正常的柱头特征(250×)。

Figure 6. Characteristics of abortive anther and stigma in A. cochinchinensis flowers

Note: a) is the abortive anther structure of female flower; b) is the anther structure of the corresponding male flower; c) is the abortive stigma structure of male flower; d) is the stigma structure of the corresponding female flower.

图 7 芦笋两性花小孢子各发育阶段细胞学特征

注：a)为花粉母细胞(cell，PMC)(1 000×)；b)为减数分裂期二分体(Dy)(1 000×)和四分体(Te)(1 000×)；c)为单核早期(EUM)(1 000×)；d)为单核中期(MUM)(1 000×)；e)为单核晚期(LUM)(1 000×)；f )为二胞花粉早期(EBP)(1 000×)；g)为二胞花粉早、晚期(LBP)(1 000×)；h)为成熟花粉粒(MPG)(1 000×)。Ta. 绒毡层；ML. 中层；vn. 营养核；gc. 生殖细胞；FL. 纤维层。

Figure 7. Cytological characteristics of amphoteric microspores of A. officinalis at different developmental stages

Note: a) is the pollen mother cell (PMC) (1 000×); b) is the dyad (Dy) and the tetrad (Te) (1 000×); c) is the early-uninucleate microspore (EUM) (1 000×); d) is the mid-uninucleate microspore (MUM) (1 000×); e) is the late-uninucleate microspore (LUM) (1 000×); f ) is the early-binucleate pollen (EBP) (1 000×); g) is the late-binucleate pollen (LBP) (1 000×); h) is the mature pollen grain (MPG) (1 000×). Ta. tapetum; ML. middle layer; vn. vegetable nucleus; gc. generative cell; FL. fibrous layer.

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