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川滇无患子Sapindus delavayi (Franch.) Radlk.

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-12-11 04:19

《中国植物志》第47(1)卷017页
  3. 川滇无患子（植物分类学报）皮哨子、打冷冷、菩提子（云南）
  Sapindus delavayi (Franch.) Radlk. in Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 20: 233. 1890 et in Engler, Pflanzenr. 98 (IV. 165): 666. 1932; How et Ho in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 3: 384. 1955; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 718. 图3166. 1972; 云南植物志 1: 261. 图版61 (10-12). 1977;——Pancovia delavayi Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 462. 1886;——Sapindus tomentosus auct. non Kurz: How et Ho, op. cit. 384. 1955.
  落叶乔木，高10余米，树皮黑褐色；小枝被短柔毛。叶连柄长25-35厘米或更长，叶轴有疏柔毛；小叶4-6对，很少7对，对生或有时近互生，纸质，卵形或卵状长圆形，两侧常不对称，长6-14厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端短尖，基部钝，腹面稍光亮，仅中脉和侧脉上有柔毛，背面被疏柔毛或近无毛，很少无毛；侧脉纤细，多达18对；小叶柄通常短于1厘米。花序顶生，直立，常三回分枝，主轴和分枝均较粗壮，被柔毛；花两侧对称，花蕾球形，花梗长约2毫米；萼片5，小的阔卵形，长2-2.5毫米，大的长圆形，长约3.5毫米，外面基部和边缘被柔毛；花瓣4（极少5或6），狭披针形，长约5.5毫米，鳞片和上种相似；花盘半月状，肥厚；雄蕊8，稍伸出。果的发育果爿近球形，直径约2.2厘米，黄色。花期夏初，果期秋末。
  我国特产，分布于云南、四川、贵州和湖北西部。在云南中部和西北部及四川西南部较常见，生于海拔1200-2600米处的密林中，也是我国西南各地较常见的栽培植物，陕西和甘肃也偶有种植。模式标本采自云南宾川。
  根和果入药，味苦微甘，有小毒，功能清热解毒、化痰止咳；果皮含有皂素，可代肥皂，尤宜于丝质品之洗濯；木材质软，边材黄白色，心材黄褐色，可做箱板和木梳等。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Sapindus delavayi (Franchet) Radlkofer
川滇无患子 chuan dian wu huan zi
Pancovia delavayi Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 461. 1886.
Trees, deciduous, ca. 10 m tall. Bark black-brown; branches pubescent. Leaves with petiole 25-35 cm or longer, axis pilose; leaflets 4-6(or 7) pairs, opposite or sometimes nearly alternate; petiolules usually less than 1 cm; blades ovate or ovate-oblong, bilaterally often asymmetrical, 6-14 × 2.5-5 cm, papery, slightly nitid, only villous on midvein and lateral veins, abaxially sparsely villous or subglabrous, rarely glabrous, lateral veins to 18 pairs, slender, base obtuse, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal, erect, often 3 × branched, main rachis and branches stronger, villous. Flowers zygomorphic; buds globose. Pedicels ca. 2 mm. Sepals 5, smaller ones broadly ovate, 2-2.5 mm, larger ones oblong, ca. 3.5 mm, base of abaxial surface and margin villous. Petals 4(5 or 6), narrowly lanceolate, ca. 5.5 mm; scales large, nearly as long as 2/3 of petals, margin densely tomentose. Disk semilunar, thick. Stamens 8, slightly exserted. Fertile schizocarps yellow, subglobose, ca. 2.2 cm in diam. Fl. early summer, fr. late autumn.
● Forests; 1200-2600 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
This species is used medicinally and for timber.