首页分享植物DNA双链断裂修复机制及其在重离子诱变和基因编辑中的作用

植物DNA双链断裂修复机制及其在重离子诱变和基因编辑中的作用

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-11-02 11:09

摘要：

在自然界中，植物会遭受各种环境或内源因素导致的DNA损伤，其中DNA双链断裂（double strand breaks, DSBs）的影响最为严重，如果修复不当，将导致基因组不稳定、基因突变甚至细胞死亡。一方面，植物进化出了强大且有序的损伤修复机制，以确保其存活及正常繁衍；另一方面，基于修复过程的容错性及致突变性，T-DNA插入、基因编辑、物理诱变等技术广泛应用于动植物品种改良。相较于哺乳动物，植物DSBs修复通路及其分子机制报道较为有限。本文综述了植物对DSBs损伤的响应、主要修复途径及关键因子，介绍了通路机制尚未完全解析的替代末端连接（alternative end joining, Alt-EJ）的最新研究进展；此外，探讨了重离子束引起的植物DSBs修复特征和多途径选择，以及基于不同DSBs修复途径的基因编辑技术的研究进展，旨在为深入了解植物DSBs损伤响应及修复的分子机制和研发高效生物育种技术提供参考。

关键词: 植物DSBs损伤修复, 同源重组, 非同源末端连接, 重离子束, 基因编辑

Abstract:

Plants are often subjected to DNA damage due to a range of environmental and internal factors in the natural world. Among these factors, DNA double strand breaks（DSBs）have the most serious consequences to plants. If these DSBs are repaired improperly, which may result in genome instability, gene mutations, and even cell death. On one hand, plants have evolved a powerful and well-organized damage repair mechanism to ensure overall survival and normal reproduction. On the other hand, based on the fault-tolerance and mutagenicity of the repair process, a series of techniques such as T-DNA insertion, gene editing, and physical mutagenesis have been widely used for variety improvement in plants and animals. Compared with mammals, reports on DSBs repair pathways and their molecular mechanisms in plants are limited. In this paper, we review the responses of plants to DSBs damage and the main repair mechanisms, and we also focus on the recent advances in alternative end joining（Alt-EJ）, whose mechanism has not yet been fully revealed. In addition, we discuss the characteristics and multi-pathway options of DSBs repair in plants induced by heavy ion beams irradiation, and the progress of gene editing technology based on different DSBs repair pathways. This study aims to provide reference for understanding the molecular mechanism of plant DSBs damage response and developing efficient biological breeding technology.

Key words: damage repair of plant DSBs, homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, heavy ion beams, gene editing