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基于气候因子的油茶含油率时空特征与种植分区研究

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-10-29 02:18

摘要: 基于湘赣浙闽地区1980年代气候数据、2050和2070年代气候情景预测的9月份平均气温与降水量，依据油茶含油率气候资源模式，得到3个年代油茶含油率分布，并分为低、中和高3类. 将3个年代油茶含油率依次相减，得到1980—2050年代和2050—2070年代两个过渡时段内油茶含油率升降分布，并分为降低、稳定和升高3类. 将油茶生长气候适宜性与含油率叠加得到油茶种植气候适宜性分区，并从高到低划分为Ⅰ类至Ⅴ类5个类别，9个子类. 结果表明：①油茶含油率分布，浙江和福建省高，湖南较低；各类别面积比例整体上中等偏高为主，3个年代占比最大的都是中等类，达41.56%～45.43%. 含油率变化随时间推移整体上呈东部福建或浙江升高、西部湖南波动降低状态，2个过渡时段面积占比最大的类别先是稳定类然后是降低类，分别为50.87%和47.36%，最小的是升高类. ②油茶种植气候适宜性总体较高，区域分布上浙江和福建较高，尤其在2050年代和2070年代，Ⅰ类比重高，湖南较低. 不同年代适宜性高低分布面积和地级市数量有差异，3个年代Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类占比都较大，面积占比依次为55.85%、73.04%和73.14%，地市数量占比依次为53.33%、77.78%和75.56%. ③对比油茶含油率与种植分区相关研究可知，湘赣浙闽油茶含油率时空特征与前人结果相近，由含油率叠加气候适宜性，进行油茶适宜种植气候分区的方法，计算简便，容易推广.

Abstract: Based on the average temperature and precipitation in September of climate data in 1980 s and scenarios data in 2050 s and 2070 s in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian Province, the oil content distributions of three periods are obtained according to the climate resource model of oil content of Camellia oleifera, which are divided into three categories: low, medium and high level. Subtracting the oil content of the three periods in order, we can get the oil content rise and fall distribution in the two transition periods of 1980 s—2050 s and 2050 s—2070 s, and divide them into three categories: decrease, stable and increase level. The climate suitability for the growth of Camellia oleifera is superimposed with the oil content to obtain the climate suitability zone for planting Camellia oleifera, which is divided into 5 categories from high to low into categories Ⅰ to Ⅴ, and 9 sub-categories. The results are as follows: ① The oil content distribution of Camellia oleifera is high in Zhejiang and Fujian Province and low in Hunan Province. Most areas of the four provinces are covered with medium or high oil content, and the largest proportion in the three periods is medium level, reaching 41.56% ～ 45.43%. The change in oil content generally shows an increase in Fujian or Zhejiang of the east and a decrease in the fluctuation in Hunan of the west over time. The category with the largest percentage of the area in the two transitional periods is first the stable and then decrease, 50.87% and 47.36% respectively, and the smallest is the increase level. ② The climate suitability for Camellia oleifera planting is generally higher, and the regional distribution is higher in Zhejiang and Fujian, especially in the 2050 s and 2070 s, the proportion of Ⅰ level is high, and Hunan is low. There are differences in the suitability of different periods and the number of cities, the proportions of Ⅰ and Ⅱ level are relatively large in the three periods, the area proportions are 55.85%, 73.04%, and 73.14%, and the number of cities is 53.33%, 77.78%, and 75.56%. ③ By comparing related research of oil content and planting divisions of Camellia oleifera, it can be seen that the temporal and spatial characteristics of the oil content of Camellia oleifera in this study is similar to the previous results. The method of combining the climate factors with the oil content to receive planting climate divisions of Camellia oleifera is simple in calculation and easy to popularize.

图 1 湘赣浙闽油茶含油率分布及变化

Figure 1. Distribution and change of oil content of Camellia oleiflora in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian

图 2 湘赣浙闽油茶适宜种植的气候分区

Figure 2. The climate division of suitable planting of Camellia oleifera in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian

表 1 油茶种植气候适宜性分区

Table 1 Climatic suitability zoning of Camellia oleiflora planting

适宜性含油率高中低高ⅠⅡ-aIII-a中Ⅱ-bⅢ-bⅣ-a低Ⅲ-cⅣ-bⅤ

表 2 湘赣浙闽油茶含油率分级的面积和占比

Table 2 Area and proportion of oil content level of Camellia oleifera in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian

时间高中低面积/(103 km2)占比/%面积/(103 km2)占比/%面积/(103 km2)占比/% 1980 s268.5239.47309.1145.43102.7515.102050 s281.6241.43282.4741.56115.6517.012070 s246.2536.23308.0045.31125.4818.46

表 3 湘赣浙闽油茶含油率变化的面积和占比

Table 3 Area and proportion of oil content variation of Camellia oleifera in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian

时段升高/(103 km2)占比/%稳定/(103 km2)占比/%降低/(103 km2)占比/% 1980 s—2050 s 79.9411.76345.7850.87254.0037.372050 s—2070 s111.5116.41246.3036.23321.9347.36

表 4 湘赣浙闽油茶种植气候分区的面积与占比

Table 4 Area and proportion of climate division of Camellia oleifera planting in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian

分区1980 s2050 s2070 s面积/(103 km2)占比/%面积/(103 km2)占比/%面积/(103 km2)占比/% Ⅰ 59.25 8.71226.1633.27223.9232.94Ⅱ-a175.5225.80217.1231.94254.4037.43Ⅱ-b145.1721.34 53.22 7.83 18.83 2.77Ⅲ-a 48.78 7.17 69.5110.23 87.0512.81Ⅲ-b114.0916.77 60.79 8.94 51.15 7.52Ⅲ-c 64.10 9.42 2.24 0.33 3.50 0.51Ⅳ-a 37.86 5.56 40.63 5.98 33.17 4.88Ⅳ-b 19.50 2.87 4.56 0.67 2.45 0.36Ⅴ 16.10 2.37 5.50 0.81 5.27 0.78

表 5 湘赣浙闽油茶种植气候分区的地级市数量及其占比

Table 5 Number of cities and proportion of climate divisions of Camellia oleifera planting in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Fujian

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