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植物天然免疫性研究进展及其对作物抗病育种的可能影响.kdh

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-07-04 01:53

作物学报 ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2011, 37(6): 935 942

ISSN 0496-3490; CODEN TSHPA9

http://www.wendangxiazai.com/zwxb/

E-mail: xbzw@http://www.wendangxiazai.com

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00935

植物天然免疫性研究进展及其对作物抗病育种的可能影响

赵开军1,2,* 李岩强1,3 王春连1,2 高英1,2

中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部作物遗传育种重点实验室, 北京100081; 2农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程, 北京100081; 3中国农业科学院研究生院, 北京100081

摘要: 植物定植在充满各种病原菌的环境中却能健康生长, 显示其拥有一套免疫系统以应对病原物的侵染。最近, 人们发现植物免疫系统至少包括2个层次: 第一层为病原相关分子模式(PAMP)激发的免疫性(PTI), 即植物通过细胞表面模式识别受体(PRRs)对病原菌的PAMPs进行分子识别, 从而启动植物的防卫反应; 第二层为病原菌效应子激发的免疫性(ETI), 即有些毒性强的病原菌通过产生效应子(effectors)来抑制PTI, 从而突破植物的第一道防线, 而植物又进化出新的分子受体(例如R基因编码的NBS-LRR蛋白质)以侦察病原菌效应子并启动第二道防卫反应。数亿年来, 病原菌的侵染和植物的防卫交替进行, 促进了病原菌和植物基因组的共进化。最新的研究还发现, 黄单胞杆菌TAL effectors和寄主植物DNA 的相互识别中, 利用了精准的分子密码。TAL effector类蛋白识别植物靶基因的启动子序列, 识别模式是2个氨基酸识别一个核苷酸。通过这种识别, TAL effector操控植物靶基因的表达, 引起寄主植物的感病或抗病反应。上述抗病分子机制研究的突破, 将对植物抗病育种产生重要影响。关键词: 植物天然免疫; TAL效应子; 植物-病原菌相互作用; 分子识别密码; 抗病育种

Recent Findings in Plant Innate Immunity and Possible Impacts on Crop Dis-ease-resistance Breeding

ZHAO Kai-Jun1,2,*, LI Yan-Qiang1,3, WANG Chun-Lian1,2, and GAO Ying1,2

Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,

Beijing 100081, China; 2 National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China; 3 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Abstract: Plants have been successfully living in such an environment in which there are myriads of potential microbial patho-gens, indicating that plants possess an efficient immunity system. Recent studies have revealed that the plant immunity system consists of two layers of defense. The first layer, based on the sensitive perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at the plant cell surface, is named as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). The second is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI), in which plants use additional receptors (such as R-gene products) to perceive pathogen virulence effectors that have evolved to suppress PTI. The conventional gene-for-gene resistance in plants belongs actu-ally to ETI. For millions of years, natural selection has been driving pathogens to avoid ETI either by diversifying the recognized effectors or by acquiring additional effectors that suppress ETI. On the other hand, natural selection favors plant new R-genes that can recognize the newly acquired effectors in pathogen, resulting in new ETI to be triggered again. The latest studies have re-vealed the simple cipher that governs DNA recognition by TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas. TAL effectors can specifically bind the target DNA of host plant with a novel protein-DNA binding pattern in which two amino acids recognize one nucleotide. Using this recognition code, TAL effectors can bind the promoter of target genes and induce the host diseases or resistance responses. Recent findings about plant innate immunity are reviewed in this paper and their possible applications in plant breeding for disease resistance are discussed.

Keywords: Plant innate immunity; TAL-effectors; Plant-pathogen interaction; Recognition code; Plant breeding for disease resistance

大约在35亿年前, 地球上进化出细菌, 约15亿年前出现真菌, 而高等植物只有4亿多年的历史[1-2]。

因此, 植物从诞生以来, 就一直生活在充满多种潜在病原微生物的环境中, 但植物至今仍然欣欣向荣

本研究由国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2011ZX08001-002)资助。

通讯作者(Corresponding author): 赵开军, E-mail: zhaokj@http://www.wendangxiazai.com

Received(收稿日期): 2010-12-06; Accepted(接受日期)

: 2011-03-06.