首页分享 LED光质和日累积光照量对番茄种苗生长及能量利用效率的影响

LED光质和日累积光照量对番茄种苗生长及能量利用效率的影响

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-06-24 05:26

摘要: 为了提高育苗质量，降低冬春季低温弱光环境对设施种苗优质生产的制约，该研究利用人工光型植物工厂的LED光照与环控技术研究光质和日累积光照量（Daily Light Integral，DLI）对番茄种苗形态建成和生物量累积的影响，通过对光能利用效率（Light Energy Use Efficiency，LUE）和电能利用效率（Electric Energy Use Efficiency，EUE）的实际测试，分析人工光育苗的能耗水平。光质环境以白色荧光灯为对照，选用红蓝比（R∶B）为0.9的白色LED和R∶B为1.2（L1.2）和2.2（L2.2）的白红LED灯具，在DLI为10.1、12.6和15.1 mol/(m2·d)下培育"丰收"番茄种苗31 d。结果表明：在LED下生长的番茄种苗的壮苗指数、生物量和光合能力均显著优于荧光灯下，增强DLI有利于番茄种苗的形态建成和生物量累积；在L1.2下设置DLI为12.6 mol/(m2·d)时，番茄种苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、干质量日均增长量（G值）、壮苗指数、及干/鲜质量都达到最大。番茄种苗在相同光质下的光合能力不受DLI的影响，但在L1.2下的净光合速率最高。利用LED生产番茄种苗的LUE和EUE比在荧光灯下显著提高，当DLI为12.6 mol/(m2·d) 时，L1.2下的该值比荧光灯下分别提高79%和321%。因此，R∶B为1.2的白红LED比其他光质更适合番茄种苗生产，推荐DLI为12.6 mol/(m2·d) 作为番茄设施育苗的光环境调控指标。

Abstract: Abstract: Low temperature and weak light environment in winter and spring have become major bottlenecks restricting the production of high-quality seedlings in a greenhouse. Compared with conventional seeding production systems, the plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) can effectively shorten breeding cycle, while improve seedling quality. However, the high investment cost of infrastructure and power consumption have seriously effects on the commercial production of PFAL. Most previous studies focused on the monochromatic red (R)/blue (B) light or different R:B ratio created by mixture of red and blue lights in the seedling growth, not suitable for the commercial production. In this study, the effects of light quality and daily light integral (DLI) on the morphogenesis and biomass accumulation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling were investigated using the LED lighting environmental control in a PFAL, while, the electric energy use efficiency (EUE) and light energy use efficiency (LUE) of a system were evaluated, in order to reduce the electricity cost of a PFAL. Tomato seeds (cv. Fengshou) were sown in the 128-hole tray for 31 days. Four kinds of light sources were set, with the R:B ratio of 0.9 provided by a white LED lamp (L0.9), 1.2 and 2.2 provided by a white plus a red LED lamps (L1.2 and L2.2), and 1.8 provided by a white fluorescent lamp (F1.8) (control) along the three levels of DLIs (10.1, 12.6, and 15.1 mol/(m2·d), marked as D10.1, D12.6, and D15.1, respectively). The results indicated that the tomato seedlings grown under LEDs had the higher health index, biomass, and net photosynthetic rate than those under fluorescent lamps. The morphology of tomato seedlings showed remarkable differences among all treatments with the R:B ratio of 1.2. In the L1.2-D12.6 treatment, the seedling height of tomato, stem diameter, total leaf area, average daily growth of dry weight and health index were 16.6 cm, 3.7 mm, 86.1 cm2, 16.2 mg/d and 12.04, respectively, indicating much higher than those in other treatments. There was no influence of DLI on the photosynthetic capacity of tomato seedlings under the similar light quality, indicating the higher or lower DLI cannot contribute to the plant photosynthesis. The dry weight was 473.3 mg, when the seedling was grown in a DLI of 12.6 mol/(m2·d) under the white plus red LED with an R:B ratio of 1.2. The light quality significantly dominated the chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rate of tomato seedling leaves. The net photosynthetic rate reached the maximum of 15.4 μmol/(m2·s), when the tomato seedlings were grown in the white plus red LED with the R:B ratio of 1.2 under the DLI of 12.6 mol/(m2·d). The LUE and EUE were much higher in the white plus red LED with the R:B ratio of 1.2 than those in other treatments. Compared with other treatments, the total leaf area of tomato seedlings increased by at least 43% in the treatment of L1.2-D12.6, while, the ability of utilization and interception of light has also improved, indicating a great contribute to the highest LUE and EUE. The LUE and EUE reached the maximums of 0.078 and 0.026 in the treatment of L1.2-D12.6, indicating 79% and 321% higher than those in the F1.8-D12.6 treatment, respectively. An optimal combination to produce tomato seedlings was achieved, including the white plus red LED with the R:B ratio of 1.2 in the DLI of 12.6 mol/(m2·d). The finding can provide a promising LED lamps to replace the conventional fluorescent lamps, thereby to improve the seedling quality in tomato production.

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