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金属纳米材料在水生生态系统中的生态毒性和营养转移。

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-23 08:00

引用次数: 0

摘要

金属纳米材料（MNMs）具有独特的性能，因此被广泛应用于电子和医药等领域。然而，人们开始担心它们与环境因素的相互作用以及对水生生物的潜在毒性。越来越多的证据表明，MNMs 会对水生生态系统产生有害影响，并有可能在食物链中产生生物累积和生物放大作用，从而对较高营养级和人类构成风险。虽然许多研究都侧重于 MNMs 的一般生态毒性，但较少研究 MNMs 在水生食物链中的营养转移。本综述重点介绍了 MNMs 通过水传播接触或膳食接触对水生系统造成的生态毒理影响，并强调了它们在整个食物网中的积累和转化。生物放大系数（BMF）是捕食者体内的污染物浓度与猎物体内的污染物浓度之比，由于水生食物链的复杂性，生物放大系数被用来评估生物放大作用。不过，目前大多数研究的 BMF 值都小于 1，表明没有生物放大作用。影响水生环境中 MNM 毒性的因素包括纳米材料特性、离子变化、光照、溶解氧和 pH 值。这些变量与 MNM 毒性之间的多方面相互作用仍有待全面阐明。最后，我们就未来的研究方向提出了建议，以减轻 MNMs 在水生生态系统中的不利影响，并提倡在生产和应用 MNMs 时采取谨慎的方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Ecotoxicity and trophic transfer of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems.

Metallic nanomaterials (MNMs) possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in fields such as electronics and medicine. However, concerns about their interactions with environmental factors and potential toxicity to aquatic life have emerged. There is growing evidence suggesting MNMs can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems, and are potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, posing risks to higher trophic levels and potentially humans. While many studies have focused on the general ecotoxicity of MNMs, fewer have delved into their trophic transfer within aquatic food chains. This review highlights the ecotoxicological effects of MNMs on aquatic systems via waterborne exposure or dietary exposure, emphasizing their accumulation and transformation across the food web. Biomagnification factor (BMF), the ratio of the contaminant concentration in predator to that in prey, was used to evaluate the biomagnification due to the complex nature of aquatic food chains. However, most current studies have BMF values of less than 1 indicating no biomagnification. Factors influencing MNM toxicity in aquatic environments include nanomaterial properties, ion variations, light, dissolved oxygen, and pH. The multifaceted interactions of these variables with MNM toxicity remain to be fully elucidated. We conclude with recommendations for future research directions to mitigate the adverse effects of MNMs in aquatic ecosystems and advocate for a cautious approach to the production and application of MNMs.

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来源期刊

Science of the Total Environment

CiteScore

17.60

自引率

10.20%

发文量

8726

审稿时长

2.4 months

期刊介绍： The Science of the Total Environment is an international journal dedicated to scientific research on the environment and its interaction with humanity. It covers a wide range of disciplines and seeks to publish innovative, hypothesis-driven, and impactful research that explores the entire environment, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere. The journal's updated Aims & Scope emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary environmental research with broad impact. Priority is given to studies that advance fundamental understanding and explore the interconnectedness of multiple environmental spheres. Field studies are preferred, while laboratory experiments must demonstrate significant methodological advancements or mechanistic insights with direct relevance to the environment.

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