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植物氮信号感知与根系发育

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-05-10 21:30

摘要:

氮素是构成生物体的主要成分，也是植物体所需的重要营养元素。为应对土壤中氮素含量的变化，植物体需要通过一系列复杂的通路来精密调控根部构型，以达到最优的氮吸收效率。本文综述了植物根部接收氮素信号的感受器及其调控根系发育的具体途径，详细阐述了氮信号通路、植物激素以及其他分子间的交互对植物根系发育的协同调控，并展望了该领域研究的应用方向，以期为今后植物根系与氮素信号互作机制的探索提供新的研究思路。

关键词: 氮信号 / 根系发育 / 植物激素

Abstract:

Nitrogen is a major component of living organisms and an essential nutrient for plant growth. To adapt to changes in nitrogen availability in the soil, plants employ complex signaling pathways to finely regulate root system architecture to optimize nitrogen uptake efficiency. This review focuses on the receptors involved in perceiving nitrogen signals in plant roots and the specific mechanisms governing root development. It also elaborates on the interplay between nitrogen signaling pathways, plant hormones, and other molecules that coordinately regulate root growth and development. This review aims to provide valuable insight into how plant roots perceive and respond to nitrogen signals.

图 1 不同土壤环境下氮信号通过生长素途径调控拟南芥根系发育

氮信号调控生长素生物合成基因（TAA1、TARs）和转运基因（AUXs、AXRs和PINs）调控根系生长素水平，进而调控不同土壤环境（轻度缺氮、重度缺氮和局部氮供给）下拟南芥根系发育。不同颜色代表土壤氮浓度，颜色越深，土壤氮素浓度越高。

Figure 1. Nitrogen signaling regulates Arabidopsis thaliana root development through the auxin pathway under different soil environments

Nitrogen signaling regulates expression of auxin biosynthesis genes (TAA1 and TARs) and transport genes (AUXs, AXRs, and PINs) to control auxin levels in roots. This regulation impacts Arabidopsis thaliana root growth and development under various soil conditions (mild N deficiency, severe N deficiency, and local N supply). Colors represent different soil nitrogen concentrations, with darker colors indicating higher levels.

表 1 拟南芥和水稻根中表达的氮转运蛋白

Table 1 N transport proteins expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa roots

转运蛋白
Transport protein 表达区域
Expression pattern 主要功能
Description 参考文献
References AtNRT1.1 根、保卫细胞硝酸根吸收，生长素累积 [16] AtNRT1.2 根根部硝酸盐吸收 [17] AtNRT1.5 根硝酸根地下到地上部的转运 [18] AtNRT1.8 根、地上部木质部硝酸盐转运 [18] AtNRT1.9 根部伴胞硝酸根木质部到韧皮部的转运 [19] AtNRT1.11 根茎韧皮部木质部硝酸盐转运 [19] AtNRT1.12 根茎韧皮部木质部硝酸盐转运 [19] AtNRT2.1 根表皮及皮层细胞硝酸盐吸收 [20] AtNRT2.2 根硝酸盐的吸收和转运 [21] AtNRT2.3 根、茎硝酸盐转运 [21] AtNRT2.4 根部表皮质膜硝酸盐转运 [23] AtNRT2.5 根表皮及皮层细胞、根毛表达受硝酸盐抑制 [22] AtNRT2.6 根、茎硝酸盐转运 [21] AtAMT1;1 根表皮及皮层细胞铵根离子吸收 [23] AtAMT1;2 根皮层根茎内皮层细胞铵根离子从质外体向维管束转运 [23] AtAMT1;3 根表皮及皮层细胞铵根离子吸收 [23] AtAMT2;1 根茎木质部铵根离子地下到地上部的转运 [23] OsNRT1.1b 根表皮、根毛、微管组织、叶鞘、叶片和茎双亲和力硝酸根转运蛋白 [12] OsNPF2.4 根表皮、木质部薄壁组织、
韧皮部伴细胞、叶片韧皮部低亲和力硝酸根转运蛋白,
硝酸根地下到地上部的转运 [11] OsNPF7.2 根系的厚壁组织、皮层和中柱低亲和力硝酸根转运蛋白 [24] OsNPF7.9 根系、叶片和根茎结合处硝酸根地下到地上部的转运 [25] OsNPF8.9 根系的外层、根表皮和根毛低亲和力硝酸根转运蛋白 [26] OsNRT2.1 根、地上部高亲和力硝酸根转运蛋白 [13] OsNRT2.2 根高亲和力转运蛋白 [13] OsNRT2.3a 根部的微管组织和根颈低亲和力硝酸根转运蛋白，硝酸根地下到地上部的转运 [13] OsNRT2.3b 微管组织、根系和地上部韧皮部高亲和硝酸根转运蛋白，能够感知细胞溶质内pH的变化 [13] OsNRT2.4 侧根原基和地上部微管组织假定的高亲和硝酸根转运蛋白 [13] OsAMT1.1 根表皮、微管组织、根颈、维管束、叶肉细胞铵根离子地下到地上部的转运 [27] OsAMT1.2 微管组织、初生根根尖的内皮层和中柱鞘铵根离子转运蛋白 [15] OsAMT1.3 根系维管束组织和侧根原基铵根离子转运蛋白 [15] OsAMT2.1 根系、地上部、叶片、叶鞘低亲和铵根离子转运蛋白 [28] [1]

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