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膜下滴灌对不同土壤水分棉花花铃期光合生产、分配及籽棉产量的调节

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2024-09-16 13:27

【目的】研究膜下滴灌条件下土壤水分对棉花光合物质生产、分配的调节效应，揭示不同土壤水分对棉花对产量形成的影响机制，为干旱区发展节水高产高效农业提供依据。【方法】在新疆气候生态条件下，选用对水分反应敏感性不同的新陆早10号和新陆早13号为试验材料。控制0～60 cm土壤相对含水量滴水下限分别为田间持水量55%、70%和85%，滴水上限均为田间持水量，采用气体交换和同位素示踪技术，研究花铃期不同土壤水分对叶片光合速率、14C光合产物运转和分配及产量的影响。【结果】滴水下限为55%处理土壤轻度水分亏缺，叶片光合速率低，地上部光合物质累积量少，14C光合产物输出较快、向蕾铃分配比例增加；滴水下限为70%和85%处理叶片光合速率高，地上部光合物质累积量大，但85%处理14C光合产物向营养器官分配的比例过大，最终籽棉产量以70%处理最高，85%处理次之，55%处理最低。籽棉产量水分利用效率为55%＞70%＞85%；不同品种对土壤水分的响应不同，新陆早10号在55%和70%条件下籽棉产量和水分利用效率显著低于新陆早13号，85%条件下显著高于新陆早13号。【结论】土壤水分对棉花光合物质生产、分配具有明显的调节效应，花铃期滴水下限在70%～85%有利于实现棉花高产，在55%～70%范围内，棉株能通过适应性调节，有利于提高水分利用效率。依据不同品种对土壤水分响应的差异，结合滴灌棉田土壤水分可控性强的特点，制定相应的灌溉制度，对实现滴灌棉田节水高产高效具有重要意义。

Abstract

【Objective】Under-mulch-drip irrigation is a precision irrigation technology which combines drip irrigation with mulched with plastic film to form. It is of great importance to study the effect of soil moisture content on production and distribution of photosynthate and seed yield of cotton for realizing water saving and high yield with under-mulch-drip irrigation. 【Method】With the materials of different water-sensitivity Xinluzao 10 and Xinluzao 13, we designed three soil moisture content treatments, controlled the lower limited of soil water content in 0~60 cm soil layer at 85%~90%, 70%~75% and 55%~60% of the field water capacity and upper limit of soil water content at field capacity by applying drip irrigation. Leaf gas exchange and isotopic tracer techniques were used to investigate the change of photosynthesis, production and distribution of photosynthate and seed yield during flowering and boll-setting stage with different soil moisture content under field condition.【Result】Different soil moisture content had significant influence on the production and distribution of photosynthate and yield. Under 60% field water capacity, export and distribution percentage 14C-assimilates in boll increased, but photosynthetic rate and photosynthesis products accumulation of aerial part reduced, so the seed yield was lower. Under 90% field water capacity, leaf photosynthetic rate was low and distribution percentage 14C-assimilates in stem and leaf significant increased. Under 75% field water capacity, photosynthetic rate was high, photosynthesis products accumulation of aerial part were more weighty and distribution percentage 14C-assimilates in various organs were moderate, hence the seed yield obvious increased. The differences of response to drip irrigation among varieties were great. Xinluzao 10 under water deficits, photosynthetic rate was low and rapidly reduced in later growth stage, photosynthesis products accumulation of aerial part were light and seeding yield was low. Xinluzao 13 under water abundances, photosynthesis products accumulation of aerial part significant increased, but distribution percentage 14C-assimilates in boll significant reduced, so the seed yield was lower than 75% field water capacity. 【Conclusion】Water deficiency before drip in cotton field caused photosynthetic rate and photosynthesis products accumulation of aerial part significant decreased which led to seed yield obvious reduced. The main reason that seed yield decreased under water abundance before drip in cotton field was distribution percentage 14C-assimilates in bud and boll significant reduced. 70%~75% field water capacity took precedence over insignificant decreased cotton plant photosynthetic rate and photosynthesis products accumulation of aerial part under mulch drip irrigation, at the same time promoted distribution percentage 14C-assimilates in boll, the seed yield and water efficiency significant increased. According to the differences of response to soil moisture content among varieties, instituting irrigation scheduling will be propitious to exploit the potential of increasing yield and water saving under mulch drip irrigation.

关键词

棉花 /膜下滴灌 /土壤水分 /光合速率 /同化物分配 /产量{{custom_keyword}} /

Key words

Gossypium hirsutum L. /Under-mulch-drip irrigation /Soil moisture content /Photosynthesis /Distribution of photosynthates /Yield{{custom_keyword}} /

罗宏海,李俊华,勾玲,张旺锋,何在菊,杨新军.膜下滴灌对不同土壤水分棉花花铃期光合生产、分配及籽棉产量的调节. 中国农业科学. 2008, 41(7): 1955-1962 https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.07.010

Hong-Hai LUOJun-Hua LILing GOUWang-Feng ZHANFZai-Ju HEXin-Jun YANG.Regulating Effects of Soil Moisture Content on Production and Distribution of Photosynthate and Yield of Cotton during Flowering and Boll-Setting Stage Under Mulch Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang. Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2008, 41(7): 1955-1962 https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.07.010