首页分享甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂对水生生物的生态毒理学研究进展

甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂对水生生物的生态毒理学研究进展

来源：花匠小妙招时间：2025-01-05 03:44

摘要: 甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂是目前全球销量最大的一类杀菌剂，其广泛应用已导致该类药剂进入并污染水体环境。大量研究表明，该类杀菌剂在较低浓度下即可对水生生物产生较高毒性，在不同层次影响水生生物的生长、发育和繁殖，对水生生态系统的安全存在风险。文章对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂在水体环境中的残留水平、生物富集、对水生生物的急/慢性毒性效应，以及对水生生物组织形态、酶活性与蛋白表达、基因表达等方面影响的研究进展进行了综述，并讨论了该类杀菌剂今后的生态毒理学研究重点，以期为进一步研究其对水生生物的毒性效应及作用机理，以及制定相关策略以减少该类杀菌剂对水生生态系统的风险提供依据。

Abstract: Strobilurins are fungicides with the largest sales around the world currently. The wide application of strobilurins has led to its pollution in the water environment. Many studies have reported that strobilurin fungicides are highly toxic to aquatic organisms even at very low concentrations, affecting the growth, development and reproductivity of aquatic organisms at different levels, posing risk to the safety of aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, the research progress was reviewed from strobilurin fungicides’ residues in water environment, bioaccumulation, as well as their acute and chronic toxic effects on aquatic organisms, and the influence on morphology, enzyme activity, protein and gene expression level of aquatic organisms. Focus on the future study in ecotoxicology of strobilurins was also discussed. The main purpose is to provide literature basis for further study on toxic effects and mechanisms of strobilurin fungicides to aquatic organisms, and developing strategies to reduce risk to aquatic ecosystems.

图 1 吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌酯和啶氧菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎的致畸效应[32]

注：a、b、c、d分别为对照组受精后24、48、72和96 h 的正常胚胎；e、f、g、h分别为处理组受精后24、48、72和96 h 的胚胎。GR：生长迟滞；PE：心包水肿；YSE：卵黄囊水肿；YSD：卵黄囊畸形；PD：黑色素沉积减少。

Figure 1. Teratogenic effects of pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and picoxystrobin on zebrafish embryos[32]

Note: a, b, c, d indicate normal embryos at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-fertilization in control group, respectively; e, f, g, h indicate embryos at 24, 48, 72 and96 h post-fertilization in treated group, respectively. GR: growth retardation; PE: pericardial edema; YSE: yolk sac edema; YSD: yolk sac deformity;PD: pigmentation defect.

表 1 甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂对不同水生生物的急性毒性数据

Table 1 Acute toxicity of strobilurin fungicides to different aquatic organisms

杀菌剂
Fungicide生物类别
Type of organisms毒性数据
Toxicity data/(mg/L)参考文献
Reference 嘧菌酯
azoxystrobin羊角月牙藻 Selenastrum capricornutumEC50 (72 h)　0.165[26]IC50 (72 h)　0.230[23]小球藻 Chlorella vulgarisIC50 (96 h)　0.510[27]大型溞 Daphnia magnaEC50 (48 h)　0.221[26]LC50 (96 h)　0.230[23]斑马鱼 (成鱼) Danio rerio (adults)LC50 (96 h)　1.090[22]LC50 (96 h)　0.817[26]LC50 (96 h)　1.370[28]LC50 (96 h)　0.393[29]斑马鱼 (仔鱼) D. rerio (larvae)LC50 (96 h)　0.390[28]斑马鱼 (胚胎) D. rerio (embryos)LC50 (96 h)　0.610[28]草鱼 (幼鱼) Ctenopharyngodon idella (juvenile)LC50 (48 h)　0.549[30]吡唑醚菌酯
pyraclostrobin羊角月牙藻 S. capricornutumEC50 (72 h)　0.451[26]IC50 (72 h)　1.400[23]大型溞 D. magnaEC50 (48 h)　0.023[26]LC50 (96 h)　0.014[23]斑马鱼 (成鱼) D. rerio (adults)LC50 (96 h)　0.064[29]LC50 (96 h)　0.031[26]LC50 (96 h)　0.076[31]LC50 (96 h)　0.061[22]斑马鱼 (仔鱼) D. rerio (larvae)LC50 (96 h)　0.030[31]斑马鱼 (胚胎) D. rerio (embryos)LC50 (96 h)　0.058[31]LC50 (96 h)　0.061[32]热带爪蟾 Xenopus tropicalisLC50 (48 h)　0.007[21]蓝鳃太阳鱼 Lepomis macrochirusLC50 (96 h)　0.011[33]大平原蟾蜍 (蝌蚪) Bufo cognatus (tadpole)LC50 (72 h)　0.010[34]蜗牛 Helisoma trivolvisLC50 (96 h)　0.441[35]端足虫 Hyalella aztecaLC50 (96 h)　0.022[36]肟菌酯
trifloxystrobin羊角月牙藻 S. capricornutumIC50 (72 h)　0.120[23]大型溞 D. magnaLC50 (96 h)　0.530[23]稀有鮈鲫 Gobiocypris rarusLC50 (144 h)　0.001[18]热带爪蟾 X. tropicalisLC50 (48 h)　0.030[21]草鱼 (幼鱼) C. idella (juvenile)LC50 (48 h)　0.051[30]斑马鱼 (胚胎) D. rerio (embryos)LC50 (96 h)　0.055[32]端足虫 H. aztecaLC50 (96 h)　0.030[36]蓝鳃太阳鱼 L. macrochirusLC50 (96 h)　0.054[33]虹鳟鱼 Oncorhynchus mykissLC50 (96 h)　0.015~0.078[37]大平原蟾蜍 (蝌蚪) Bufo cognatus (tadpole)LC50 (72 h)　0.104[34]啶氧菌酯
picoxystrobin斑马鱼 (成鱼) D. rerio (adults)LC50 (96 h)　0.212[29]斑马鱼 (胚胎) D. rerio (embryos)LC50 (96 h)　0.086[32]热带爪蟾 X. tropicalisLC50 (48 h)　0.037[21]醚菌酯
kresoxim-methyl热带爪蟾 X. tropicalisLC50 (48 h)　0.197[21]草鱼 (幼鱼) C. idella (juvenile)LC50 (48 h)　0.338[30]中华大蟾蜍 (蝌蚪) Bufo gargarizans (tadpole)LC50 (72 h)　1.410[38]斑马鱼 (成鱼) D. rerio (adults)LC50 (96 h)　0.436[39]斑马鱼 (幼鱼) D. rerio (juvenile)LC50 (96 h)　0.328[39]斑马鱼 (仔鱼) D. rerio (larvae)LC50 (96 h)　0.224[39]斑马鱼 (胚胎) D. rerio (embryos)LC50 (96 h)　0.340[39]唑菌酯
pyraoxystrobin羊角月牙藻 S. capricornutumEC50 (72 h)　0.008[40]椎实螺 Radix swinhoeiLC50 (96 h)　0.027[40]白旋螺 Gyraulus albusLC50 (96 h)　0.520[40]介形虫 OstracodaEC50 (48 h)　0.009[40]斑节对虾 Penaeus monodonLC50 (96 h)　0.035[40]隆线溞 Daphnia carinataEC50 (48 h)　0.003[40]伊兰猛水蚤 Elaphoidella spe.EC50 (48 h)　0.010[40]大型溞 D. magnaEC50 (48 h)　0.008[40]幽蚊 ChaoborusLC50 (96 h)　0.082[40]青鳉鱼 Oryzias latipesLC50 (96 h)　0.001[40]稀有鮈鲫 G. rarusLC50 (96 h)　0.002[40]斑马鱼 (成鱼) D. rerio (adults)LC50 (96 h)　0.006[25]斑马鱼 (仔鱼) D. rerio (larvae)LC50 (96 h)　0.001[25]斑马鱼 (胚胎) D. rerio (embryos)LC50 (96 h)　0.004[25]氟嘧菌酯
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